Module 7

Front 1

Which of the following is the uppermost part of the digestive tract?
A) intestine
B) esophagus
C) stomach
D) spleen
E) pharynx

Back 1

E) pharynx

Front 2

The stomach functions to
A) primarily break down foods by mechanical means.
B) absorb most of the nutrients from foods.
C) dehydrate materials prior to sending them to the next segment of the tract.
D) store food material for later use, as fat.
E) do all of the above.

Back 2

A) primarily break down foods by mechanical means

Front 3

Aging may be detrimental to the function of the digestive tract because
A) the rate of epithelial stem cell division increases.
B) the tone of the smooth musculature increases.
C) the effects of cumulative damage become apparent.
D) aged cells and tissues require more nutrients, but are less efficient at processing them.
E) none of the above.

Back 3

C) the effects of cumulative damage become apparent

Front 4

Functions of the gallbladder include
A) secretion of bile.
B) storage of bile.
C) secretion of gastrin, a stomach hormone.
D) secretion of acids to assist the duodenum in breakdown of lipids.
E) all of the above.

Back 4

B) storage of bile

Front 5

The lining of the stomach
A) is covered by thick, viscous mucus.
B) is constantly replaced.
C) has folds called rugae.
D) is composed of simple columnar cells.
E) has all of the attributes above.

Back 5

E) has all of the attributes above

Front 6

The head of the pancreas is most closely associated with the
A) descending colon.
B) posterior surface of the spleen.
C) body of the gallbladder.
D) inferior surface of the liver.
E) curve of the duodenum.

Back 6

E) curve of the duodenum

Front 7

In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes
A) a fluid rich in enzymes.
B) proteinases.
C) bile.
D) a fluid rich in bicarbonate.
E) all of the above.

Back 7

A) a fluid rich in enzymes

Front 8

Compared to the epithelium of the PCT, the DCT has
A) a decrease in the number of glomeruli.
B) less distinct boundaries.
C) more microvilli.
D) a smaller lumen.
E) none of the above

Back 8

d) a smaller lumen

Front 9

In areas where the digestive tract is not covered in serosa, it is covered by a fibrous connective tissue called
A) peritoneum.
B) mucosa.
C) the plexus of Auerbach.
D) adventitia.
E) none of the above.

Back 9

D) adventitia

Front 10

The medial surface of the stomach is (the)
A) greater curvature.
B) lesser curvature.
C) greater omentum.
D) body.
E) none of the above.

Back 10

B) lesser curvature

Front 11

The longest portion of the small intestine is the
A) ilium.
B) colon.
C) duodenum.
D) appendix.
E) jejunum

Back 11

A) ilium

Front 12

The basic functional unit of the liver is (the)
A) liver lobule.
B) hepatocyte.
C) stellate reticuloendothelial cells.
D) falciform, round, and coronary ligaments.
E) none of the above.

Back 12

A) liver lobule

Front 13

Protection for the interior surface of the stomach against the acids and enzymes in the gastric lumen is afforded by
A) the esophageal sphincter.
B) the carpet of mucus secreted by the columnar epithelium lining all portions of the stomach.
C) the shallow depressions called gastric pits.
D) the rapid rate of mechanical mixing of the stomach contents, which exposes the lining to chyme for only a short time.
E) none of the above.

Back 13

B) the carpet of mucus secreted by the columnar epithelium lining all portions of the stomach

Front 14

When a person has diarrhea, how is intestinal function different than normal?
A) Parasympathetic stimulation might be increased.
B) Intestinal motility is reduced.
C) Passage of nutrients into the hepatic portal system is reduced.
D) Greater water absorption than usual occurs in the large intestine.
E) None of the above result from diarrhea.

Back 14

A) Parasympathetic stimulation might be increased

Front 15

Which of the following is a function of the stomach?
A) initial digestion of food materials by acids
B) lubrication of oral contents by mucus and salivary secretions
C) mechanical processing through the actions of the teeth, tongue, and palatal surfaces
D) analysis of material before swallowing
E) partial digestion of carbohydrates by a salivary enzyme

Back 15

A) initial digestion of food materials by acids

Front 16

Which of the following are true of the mesenteries?(1) They are sheets of serous membrane.
(2) They suspend portions of the digestive tract within the peritoneal cavity.
(3) They are double sheets of peritoneal membrane.
(4) They provide an access route to digestive structures for nerves, lymphoids and bloodvessels.(5) They provide proprioceptive information to the spinal cord regarding the digestive organs.
A) All of the above are true.
B) None of the above are true.
C) 1, 3, and 5 are true.
D) 2, 4, and 5 are true.
E) 1, 2, 3, and 4 are true.

Back 16

E) 1, 2, 3 and 4 are true

Front 17

The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the
A) juxtaglomerular complex.
B) renal pyramid.
C) nephron loop.
D) renal papilla.
E) renal corpuscle.

Back 17

E) renal corpuscle

Front 18

The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the
A) juxtaglomerular complex.
B) renal pyramid.
C) nephron loop.
D) renal papilla.
E) renal corpuscle.

Back 18

E) renal corpuscle

Front 19

The muscular layer nearest the lumen is (the)
A) muscularis mucosae.
B) longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa.
C) oblique layer of the muscularis externa.
D) circular layer of the muscularis externa.
E) none of the above.

Back 19

A) muscularis mucosae

Front 20

Control of secretions of the digestive tract is via the
A) hypoglossal nerve.
B) submucosal plexus.
C) sympathetic nervous system.
D) myenteric plexus.
E) Control is different in various areas of the tract.

Back 20

B) submucosal plexus

Front 21

Which of the following supplies blood to the small intestine?
A) right gastric artery
B) splenic artery
C) left gastric artery
D) superior mesenteric artery
E) gastroduodenal artery

Back 21

D) superior mesenteric artery

Front 22

The tissue that suspends the transverse colon in the abdominal cavity is (the)
A) greater omentum.
B) lesser omentum.
C) mesentery.
D) transverse mesocolon.
E) none of the above.

Back 22

D) transverse mesocolon

Front 23

A hepatic (portal) triad consists of branches of the
A) hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct.
B) hepatic portal vein, central vein, hepatic artery.
C) central vein, hepatic vein, bile duct.
D) hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic vein.
E) hepatic artery, central vein, bile duct.

Back 23

A) hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct

Front 24

Peristalsis
A) is a muscular movement pattern that occurs in regions of the digestive tract where the smooth muscle fibers are not arranged in layers.
B) is a condition wherein the lining of the digestive tract is irritated by the passage of rough fibrous material.
C) only occurs in the esophagus.
D) is waves of muscular contractions that move along the length of the digestive tract.
E) is none of the above.

Back 24

D) is waves of muscular contractions that move along the length of the digestive tract

Front 25

In the nephron loop
A) water performs osmosis into the descending limb.
B) the ascending limb is very permeable to water.
C) sodium ions are passively transported out of the ascending limb.
D) the filtrate in the descending limb becomes more and more hypertonic.
E) all of the above take place.

Back 25

C) sodium ions are passively transported out of the ascending limb

Front 26

Each day about ________ liter(s) of peritoneal fluid enters and leaves the peritoneal cavity.
A) 26
B) 7
C) 1
D) 13
E) 10

Back 26

B) 7

Front 27

The first intestinal segment entered by materials that leave the stomach through the pylorus is (the)
A) gallbladder.
B) duodenum.
C) ileum.
D) jejunum.
E) none of the above.

Back 27

B) duodenum

Front 28

Structures that unite to form the common bile duct include:
(1) hepatopancreatic sphincter
(2) porta hepatis
(3) cystic duct
(4) common hepatic duct
(5) duodenal papilla
A) 3, 4
B) 1, 3, 5
C) 1, 2, 3
D) 2, 4
E) 1, 2

Back 28

A) 3, 4