Module 58 And Module 59

Front 1

prejudice

Back 1

an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action

Front 2

stereotype

Back 2

a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people)

Front 3

discrimination

Back 3

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

Front 4

ingroup

Back 4

"Us" -- people with whom we share a common identity

Front 5

outgroup

Back 5

"Them" -- those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

Front 6

ingroup bias

Back 6

the tendency to favor our own group

Front 7

scapegoat theory

Back 7

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Front 8

other-race effect

Back 8

the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than the faces of other races. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias

Front 9

just-world phenomenon

Back 9

the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Front 10

aggression

Back 10

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Front 11

frustration-aggression principle

Back 11

the principle that frustration -- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal -- creates anger, which can generate aggression

Front 12

mere exposure effect

Back 12

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

Front 13

passionate love

Back 13

an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

Front 14

compassionate love

Back 14

the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

Front 15

equity

Back 15

a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

Front 16

self-disclosure

Back 16

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Front 17

altruism

Back 17

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Front 18

bystander effect

Back 18

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Front 19

social exchange theory

Back 19

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.

Front 20

reciprocity norm

Back 20

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

Front 21

social-responsibility norm

Back 21

an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

Front 22

conflict

Back 22

a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

Front 23

social trap

Back 23

a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Front 24

mirror-image perceptions

Back 24

mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive

Front 25

superordinate goals

Back 25

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

Front 26

GRIT

Back 26

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction -- a strategy designed to decrease international tensions