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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
matter
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anything that has mass and takes up space
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model
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an explanation or representation of something that cannot be seen
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element
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a collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons
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molecules
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chemicals that result from atoms linking together
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physical change
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a change that affects the appearance but not the chemical makeup of a substance
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chemical change
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a change that alters the makeup of the elements or molecules of a substance
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phase
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one of three forms - solid, liquid, or gas - which every substance is capable of attaining
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diffusion
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the random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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concentration
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a measure of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent
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semipermeable membrane
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a membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but does not allow other molecules to pass through
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osmosis
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the tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane in areas of higher solute concentration
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catalyst
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a substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process
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organic molecule
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a molecule that contains only carbon and any of the following: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and/or phosphorus
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biosynthesis
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the process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones
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isomers
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two different molecules that have the same chemical formula
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monosaccharides
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simple carbohydrates that contain 3 to 10 carbon atoms
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disaccharides
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carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides
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polysaccharides
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carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
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dehydration reaction
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a chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water
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hydrolysis
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breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
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hydrophobic
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lacking any affinity to water
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saturated fat
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a lipid made from fatty acids that have double bonds between carbon atoms
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unsaturated fat
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a lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms
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peptide bond
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a bond that links amino acids together in a protein
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hydrogen bond
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a strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certain other atoms (usually oxygen or nitrogen) in specific molecules
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