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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Personality |
An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting |
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Psychodynamic Theory on Personality |
Posit that behavior is dynamic interaction between conscious and unconscious mind. View personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences |
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Humanistic Approach on Personality |
Focus on inner capacities for growth and self-fulfillment |
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Trait Theories on Personality |
Examine characteristic patterns of behavior |
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Social-Cognitive Theory on Personality |
Explore interaction between traits and social contex |
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Freud’s PsychoanalyticPerspective: PerspectiveExploring the Unconscious |
Observed patientswhose disorders and/ordistress had no clearphysical explanations Concluded theirproblems reflectedunacceptable thoughtsand feelings, hiddenaway in the unconsciousmind |
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What was Freud's idea of the structure of the mind? |
Freud hypothesized that the mind is mostly hidden beneath the the conscious surface and composed of the Id, Superego & Ego. |
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Id |
A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives & survive. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification. Totally unconscious |
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Ego |
Operates on reality principle; seeks torealistically gratify id’s impulses to bring long-termpleasure; contains perceptions, thoughts, judgmentsand memories. Conscious + unconscious |
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Superego |
Focuses on ideal behavior; strives forperfections; acts as moral conscious. Conscious + unconscious |
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What are Freud's Psychosexual Stages |
Oral (0-18mo) Anal (18-36mo) Phallic (3-6yr) Latency (6-puberty) Genital (Puberty on) |
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Oral |
(0 - 18 mo) Pleasure centers on the mouth sucking, biting, chewing |
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Anal |
(18-36 mo) Pleasure focuses on bowel andbladder elimination; coping withdemands for control |
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Phallic |
(3-6 yr) Pleasure zone is the genitals;coping with incestuous sexualfeelings |
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Latency |
(6-puberty) A phase of dormant sexual feelings |
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Genital |
(Puberty on) Maturation of sexual interests |
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Oedipus Complex |
A boy's sexual desires towards his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father |
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Identification |
The process by which children incorporate their parent's values into their developing superegos |
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Fixation |
A lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved |
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Defense Mechanism |
The ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety & redirecting it by unconsciously distorting reality |
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Repression |
The basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings & memories |
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Regression |
- Faced with a mild stressor, children and young orangutans seek from their caregivers. - Freud might have interpreted these behaviors as regression, a retreat to an earlier developmental stage |
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What are the 6 well known defense mechanisms? |
Regression Reaction Formation Projection Rationalization Displacement Denial |
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Reaction Formation |
Switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Ex: Repressing anger and displaying exaggerated friendliness |
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Projection |
Disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing them to others "The thief thinks everyone else is a thief" |
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Rationalization |
Offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one's actions |
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Displacement |
Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person |
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Denial |
Refusing to believe |
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Neo-Freudians |
Accepted many of Freud’s ideas. Placed more emphasis on conscious mind and on socialmotives than sexual or aggression related ones |
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Contemporary psychodynamic theorists |
- Reject Freud’s emphasis on sexual motivation - View mental life as primarily unconscious - Contend childhood social experiences influence adult personality and attachment patterns - Many believe species’ shared evolutionary history shaped some universal predispositions (archetypes) |
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Projective Test |
Personality test that provides ambiguous stimulidesigned to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamicsand reveal unconscious motives |
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
Projective test in which people express their innerfeelings and interests through the stories they makeup about ambiguous scenes |
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Rorschach inkblot test |
Most widely used projective test, a set of10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach. Seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of theblots; attempts to address low reliability and validity in most areas addressed with research-based,computer-aided tool |
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Modern research contradicts many of Freud's Ideas... |
Many research psychologists now think ofthe unconscious as information processingthat occurs without awareness. |
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Unconsciousness Involves... |
Schemas, priming, right-hemisphere activity, implicitmemories, emotions, and stereotypes |
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Research supports which two of Freud’s defensemechanisms? |
Reaction Formation & Projection |