Module 4 - Week 1

Front 1

Perpetual (inexhaustible) resources

Back 1

Solarenergy

Front 2

Nonrenewableresources

Back 2

resource of economic value that cannot be readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to its consumption

Front 3

Recyclableresources

Back 3

reusable resources

Front 4

Renewable resources /Replenishable resources

Back 4

resource which is replaced naturally and can be used again

Front 5

Critical flow resource

Back 5

effectively nonrenewable because of mismanagement

Rateof withdrawal > rate of replenishment

Front 6

Systems,inputs vs. outputs

Back 6

As we use a resource, we are taking froma stock, is applicable to renewable & non-renewable

Front 7

Commonproperty resources

Back 7

oceans,parks, owned by all of us

Front 8

Rock

Back 8

solidaggregation of minerals, tightly compacted or held together by cement-likematerial or by interlocking grains (bunch of minerals stuck together, i.e book

Front 9

Minerals

Back 9

naturally occurring solid inorganicchemical element or compound with a crystal structure, a specific chemicalcomposition, and distinct physical properties (i.e,just the words)

Front 10

Mining

Back 10

systematicremoval of rock, regolith, or other materials for the purpose of extractingminerals of economic interest - Most minerals are widely spread in lowconcentrations; miners and geologists must try to locate concentrated sources.

Front 11

deposit

Back 11

naturaloccurrence of a resource

Front 12

grade

Back 12

levelof concentration of ore in a deposit

Front 13

ore

Back 13

economicallyvaluable material in a deposit (will be mixed in with the non-valuable stuff)

Front 14

gangue

Back 14

“wasterock” and non-valuable minerals

Front 15

solution mines

Back 15

resources dissolved in a solution and then siphoned out

Can be surfaceor subsurface

less surfacearea disturbed than other methods acids, heavy metals, uranium can accidentally leak into groundwater

Front 16

surface mines

Back 16

- Strip mine (can lead to problems)

- Mountaintop removal

- Open-pit mine

- Placer operations

Front 17

Subsurface

Back 17

most dangerous

Front 18

Strip mining

Back 18

layers of soil and rock are removed toexpose a resource close to the surface (removes surface oil and rock)

Front 19

overburden

Back 19

overlyingsoil and rock that is removed by heavy machinery - After extraction, each stripis refilled with the overburden

Front 20

Acid Mine Drainage

Back 20

sulfidematerials form sulfuric acid and then flow into waterways

Front 21

Leachate

Back 21

contaminated water that leaches through

Front 22

Effluent

Back 22

contaminated liquid runoff

Front 23

Mountaintopremoval

Back 23

extension of strip mining

Front 24

Openpit mining

Back 24

- used for evenly distributedmaterials

- terraced for easier movement

- quarries – open pits for clay,gravel, sand, stone

Front 25

Placermining

Back 25

- uses running water, miners siftthrough material in riverbeds

Front 26

ocean mining

Back 26

some minerals can be extractedfrom seawater or ocean floor

Front 27

Stages of mining

Back 27

EMSP

Front 28

Decommisioning

Back 28

mine operation shut down

Front 29

Reclamation

Back 29

returnsite to condition similar to pre-mining condition

Front 30

resource

Back 30

wholestock of an economically useful/valuable commodity

Front 31

reserve

Back 31

portion of that resource that iseconomically recoverable w existing technology

Front 32

static lifetime

Back 32

lifetimeexpectancy of a resource at current rate of production and use

Front 33

Factorsin lifetime of mineral deposit

Back 33

- discovery of new deposits

-new extraction technologies

- changing social andtechnological dynamics- changing consumption patterns

- recycling