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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is catenation? |
Carbon can bond to itself forming long chains of carbon atoms |
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What bonds can cabon use to bond to other carbon atoms? |
single, double or triple bonds |
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How many electrons does carbon have in its outer shell? |
4 so it can form 4 covalent bonds |
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What is a hydrocarbon? |
A compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon. |
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What are saturated hydrocarbons? |
contain only single carbon to carbon double bonds. Called alkanes. General formula is CnH2n+2 |
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What are unsaturated hydrocarbons? |
Conatin at least one multiple bond between carbon atoms. |
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Are compounds containing a benzene ring saturated or unsaturated? |
Unsaturated |
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What is the carbon to carbon bond is a triple bond, what are the compounds called? |
alkynes |
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What is a homologous series? |
A family of compounds containing the same functional group but with each successive member differing by a CH2 group. |
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What is a functional group responsible for? |
The characteristic reactions of a compound. |
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What is structural isomerism? |
Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structual formula |
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What are the three ways structural isomerism can occur? |
Chain isomerism(brnached or unbranched) Fnctional group position isomerism Different functional group isomers |
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What are aromatic compounds? |
Compounds containing a benzene ring |
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What are aliphatic compounds? |
Compounds of carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non aromatic rings |
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What are alicyclic compounds? |
Aliphatic compounds arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains. |
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What is a radical? |
Species with an unpaired electron |
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What is homolytic fission? |
The breaking of a covalent bond where one electron from the bonding pair goes to each atom to form 2 radicals. |
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What is heterolytic fission? |
The breaking of a covalent bond where both electrons from the bonding pair goes to the same atom to form 2 ions. |
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Name the 5 types of organic reactions: |
addition reaction substitution reaction elimination reaction oxidation condensation |
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What is an addition reaction? |
Two molecules react to form one product One molecule adds across the double bond of an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule. |
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What is a substitution reaction? |
An atom/group is replaced by another atom/group |
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What is an elimination reaction? |
An atom/group is removed from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule |
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What is an oxidation reaction? |
Oxygen is added and/or hydrogen is removed from a molecule. Loss of electrons |
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What is a condenstion reaction? |
Where a H2O molecule is lost when two molecules join together. |
