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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three types of neurons?
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1. sensory
2. motor 3. interneurons |
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What does the central nervous system consist of?
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brain and spinal cord
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What part of the nervous system exists outside the brain and spinal cord?
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the peripheral nervous system
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Name the four basic parts of a neuron. Visualize a neuron at the same time.
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dendrite, soma (cell body), axon and terminal buttons
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Which neurons have one axon and one dendritic tree?
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bipolar neuron
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Which neurons have one extension from the soma and mostly link skin to the brain (touch temperature)?
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unipolar
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What part of the neuron is the cell body that contains the nucleus?
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soma
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A branched, treelike structure attached to the soma of a neuron; receives information for the terminal buttons of other neurons is what?
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a dendrite
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Name it: a junction between the terminal button of an axon ant the membrane of another neuron.
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synapse
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Name the long, thin, cylindrical structure that conveys information from the soma of a neuron to it's terminal button.
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axon
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The bud at the end of a branch of an axon: forms the synapses with another neuron; sends information to that neuron is what?
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terminal button
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What is a neurontransmitter?
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A chemical that is released by a terminal button; has an excitatory or inhibitory effect on another neuron.
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What is the structure called that consists principally of lipid molecules that defines the outer boundaries of a cell and also constitutes many of the cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus?
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membrane
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What is the structure in the central region of a cell that contains the nucleolus and chromosomes?
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nucleus
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Which structure is found within the nucleus of a cell that produces the ribosomes?
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nucleolus
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Name it: a cytoplasmic structure, made of protein, that serves as the site of production of proteins translated from mRNA.
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ribosome
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What term refers to a direction along an axon from the cell body toward the terminal buttons?
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anterograde
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What term refers to a direction along an axon from the terminal buttons toward the cell body?
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retrograde
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What are the supporting cells of the CNS?
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glia
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A glia cell that provides support for neurons of the CNS, provides nutrients and other substances and regulates the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid. Name it.
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atrocyte
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What is phagocytosis?
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The process by which cells engulf and digest other cells or debris caused by cellular degeneration.
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What is a oligodendrocyte?
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A type of glial cell in the CNS that forms myelin sheaths.
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A naked portion of a myelinated anon, between adjacent oligodendroglia or Schwann cells is called what?
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Node of Randier.
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What is the smallest of the glia cells; act as phagocytes and protect the brain from invading microorganisms?
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microglia
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What is a Schwann cell?
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A cell in the peripheral nervous system that is wrapped around a myelinated axon, providing one segment of its myelin sheath.
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What is the semipermeable barrier between the blood and the brain produced by the cells in the walls of the brain's capillaries?
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the blood brain barrier
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What is diffusion?
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Movement of molecules from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration.
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What is an aqueous solution of a material that ionizes -namely a soluble acid, base or salt called?
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an electrolyte
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What is an ion?
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a charged molecule
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What are cations?
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positively charged molecules
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What are anions?
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negatively charged molecules
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The attractive force between atomic particles charged with opposite signs or the repulsive force between particles charged with the same sign is called what?
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electrostatic pressure
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What is the fluid contained within cells called?
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intracellular fluid
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What are body fluids located outside of cells called?
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extracellular fluid
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What is a protein found in the membrane of all cells that extrudes sodium ions from and transports potassium ions into the cell called?
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sodium-potassium transporter
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A specialized protein molecule that permits specific ions to enter or leave cells is called what?
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ion channel
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What is phagocytosis?
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The
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What is phagocytosis?
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The process by which the cells engulf and digest other cells or debris caused by cellular degeneration.
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A type of glial cell in the CNS that forms myelin sheaths is what kind of cell?
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an oligodenrocyte
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What is a myelin sheath?
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A sheath that surrounds axons and insulates them, preventing messages from spreading between adjacent axons.
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What is the naked portion of a myelinated axon, between adjacent oligodendroglia or Schwann cells?
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node of Ranvier
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Which are the smallest of the glial cells that act as phagocytes and protect the brain from invading microorganisms?
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microglia
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What is a Schwann cell?
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A cell in the PNS that is wrapped around a myelinated axon, providing one segment of its myelin sheath.
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What is the semipermeable membrane barrier between the blood and the brain produced by the cells in the walls of the brain's capillaries?
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the blood-brain barrier
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What is the area postrema?
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A region of the medulla where the blood-brain barrier is weak; poisons can be detected there and can initiate vomiting.
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A conductive medium that can be used to apply electrical stimulation or to record electrical potential. What does this describe?
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an electrode
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What is very fine used to record activity of individual neurons?
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a microelectrode
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What is the membrane potential of a cell?
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The electrical charge across a cell membrane; the difference in electrical potential inside and outside the cell.
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