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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are Plasmodesmata |
Channels in the cell wall for exchanging substances |
In a cell wall |
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Plasma membrane functions |
Regulate movement of substances in and out the cell. Receptor molecules on it respond to chemicals (hormones) |
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Where is the plasma membrane found? |
Surface of animal cells and just inside the cell wall of plant cells and prokaryotic cells |
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What is the plasma membrane made of? |
Lipids and protein |
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What does the cell wall do? |
Supports plant cells |
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What is the cell wall made of in plants? |
Cellulose |
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What is chromatin made of? |
DNA and proteins |
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What does the nucleolus make? |
Ribosomes |
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What do nuclear pores do? |
Allow substances to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm |
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What does the nucleus control? |
Cells activities, by controlling the transcription of DNA |
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What does the lysosome contain? |
Digestive enzynes |
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What shape is a lysosome? |
Round |
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What do lysosomes do? |
Digest invading cells and break down worn out cell components |
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What is the function of ribosomes? |
Site where proteins are made |
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Where are ribosomes found? |
Floating free in cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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What are ribosomes made of |
Proteins and RNA |
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Do ribosomes have a membrane? |
No |
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What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do? |
Fold and process proteins that have been made at the ribosomes |
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What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum covered in? |
Ribosomes |
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What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do |
Synthesises and processes lipids |
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Where are vesicles found |
Cytoplasm and edges of the Golgi apparatus |
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What do vesicles do |
Transport substances in and out the cells via plasma membrane and in between organelles. |
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Where are vesicles formed |
Golgi apparatus or endoplasmic reticulum and others at the cell surface |
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What does the Golgi apparatus do |
Processes and packages new lipids and proteins. And makes lysosomes |
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What is the inner membrane in a mitochondrion fold into |
Cristae |
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What does the matrix contain |
Enzymes involved in respiration |
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What is the site of aerobic respiration |
Mitochondrion |
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What are the membranes *inside* chloroplasts called |
Thylakoid membranes |
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What are grana linked by |
Lamellae |
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What is the site of photosynthesis |
Chloroplasts |
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What are centrioles involved in |
Separation of chromosomes during cell division |
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What are centrioles made of |
Microtubules |
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What do cilia do |
Move substances along cell surface |
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Where are cilia found |
Surface membrane of some animal cells |
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What do plant cells have that animal cells dont |
Cell wall, Permanent vacuole and chloroplasts |
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What is the cytoskeleton |
Proteins threads running though the cytoplasm |
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What size are prokaryotic cells |
Less than 2 micrometers |
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What is the DNA like in prokaryotic cells |
Circular |
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Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus? |
No. DNA is free in cytoplasm |
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What are cell walls made of in prokaryotic cells |
A polysaccharide |
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Do prokaryotic cells have membrane bound cells? |
No |
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What size are eukaryotic cells |
10-100 micrometers |
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What is the DNA like in eukaryotic cells |
Linear |
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Do eukaryotic cells have a nucleus |
Yes |
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What type of cell wall do fungi have |
Chitin |
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What is the formula for magnification |
Magnification = image size ÷ object size |
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What is magnification |
How much bigger the image is than the specimen |
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What is resolution |
How detailed the image is. How well a microscope distinguishes between two points close together. |
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What is the maximum resolution of a light microscope |
0.2 micrometers |
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What is the maximum magnification of a light microscope |
X1500 |
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How to laser scanning confocal microscopes work |
Laser beams scan a specimen, which is tagged in a dye. The laser floureses the dye. This is focused through a pin hole onto a detector. It is then generated on a computer |
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How do transmission electron microscopes work |
Use electromagnets to focus a beam of electrons which is transmitted through the specimen. Denser parts absorb more electrons and show up darker on the image. |
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What type of specimens can a transmission electron microscopes work on |
Thin specimens |
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How do scanning electron microscopes work |
Scan a beam of electrons across the specimen. This knocks off electrons from the specimen, which are gathered in a cathode ray tube to form an image |
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Why do some specimens need to be dyed? |
When specimens are transparent they don't show up on light microscopes. Dying them solves this problem |
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What type of stain is used for dna |
Methylene blue |
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What type of stain is used for cell cytoplasms |
Eosin |
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What stains are used for electron microscopes |
Solution of heavy metals |
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What is an eyepiece graticule |
Fitted into an eyepiece. Is like a transparent ruler with numbers but no units |
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What is a stage micrometer |
Placed onto the stage. A microscope slide with an accurate scale and is used to work out the value of the divisions on the eyepiece graticule at the particular magnification. |
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What supports cell organelles and keeps them in position |
Microtubules and microfilaments |
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