Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
PNS |
● nerves lying outside of CNS ● bidirectional axon bundles carry... - sensory info to CNS - motor info to muscles |
|
|
|
3 types of PNS nerves |
1. Peripheral Autonomic 2. Spinal (31 pair) 3. Cranial (12 pair) |
|
|
|
Spinal Nerves |
● Ventral root = efferent = motor ● Dorsal root = afferent = sensory |
Roots |
|
|
Cranial Nerves (those related to speech/hearing) |
V. Trigeminal VII. Facial VIII. Vestibular IX. Glossopharyngeal X. Vagus Xl. Spinal Accessory XII. Hypoglossal |
list of 7 |
|
|
Cranial Nerves : V. |
-Trigeminal- Face (s) Jaw (m) |
Trigeminal |
|
|
Cranial Nerves: VII. |
-Facial- Tongue (s) Face (m) |
Facial |
|
|
Cranial Nerves : Vlll. |
-Vestibular Acoustic- Hearing & Balance (s) |
Vestibular |
|
|
Cranial Nerves: IX. |
-Glossopharyngeal- tongue & pharynx (s) pharynx (m) |
Glossopharyngeal |
|
|
Cranial Nerves: X. |
-Vagus- (s & m) larynx respiratory cardiac gastrointestinal |
Vagus let real cats grow |
|
|
Cranial Nerves: XI. |
-Spinal Accessory- shoulder, arm, throat (m) |
Spinal Accessory |
|
|
Cranial Nerves: XII. |
-Hypoglossal- tongue (m) |
Hypoglossal |
|
|
What is Apraxia? |
neuromuscular disorder
caused by damage to ... - motor programming areas (frontal lobe) - phonological processing areas (controversial) |
where's the damage ? |
|
|
Apraxia (Characteristics) |
● inaccurate positioning of Articulators ● inconsistent speech errors ● No muscular paralysis or paresis |
|
|
|
Dysarthrias |
1. Spastic 2. Flaccid 3. Ataxic 4. Hyperkinetic 5. Hyperkinetic 6. Mixed |
6 Spicy Food Makes A Happy Heart |
|
|
Spastic Dysarthria |
Damage : bilateral upper motor neurons Characteristics : - imprecise articulation - monotonous pitch & loudness - hypernasality - harsh voice quality - poor prosody - slow speech rate |
|
|
|
Flaccid Dysarthria |
Damage : lower motor neurons in spinal cord
Characteristics : - slow, labored artic - monotonous pitch & loudness - hypernasal & breathy voice quality - hoarse & breathy phonation - weak speech and/or respiratory musculature
|
|
|
|
Ataxic Dysarthria |
Damage : Cerebellum (via stroke, tumor, trauma, cerebral palsy, infection, toxic exposure) Characteristics : - Inaccurate, slow movements - Hypotonia |
|
|
|
Hypokinetic Dysarthria |
Damage : Extrapyramidal degeneration (Parkinson's) Characteristics : - Slow movements - Rigidity - Reduced movement |
|
|
|
Hyperkinetic Dysarthria |
Damage : basal ganglia Characteristics : - Quick, jerky, unsustained & involuntary movements OR - Twisting, writhing, tremulous & slow movements |
|
