Module 2 Anatomy

Front 1

NAME THE PORTIONS OF THE PERITONEUM

Back 1

males only have one pouch:
A=rectovesicle pouch
B=pararectal fossa

females have 2 pouches because the uterus grows in between:
B=pararectal fossa
C=vesicouterine pouch
D=rectouterine pouch (aka douglas)
*** don't forget that -uterine is always last in naming

Front 2

what is the inferior peritoneum?
what does it do?
what do its folds create?

Back 2

the inferior peritoneum is like a blanket that overlies the sigmoid colon end, rectum, uterus, bladder, designating a divide between abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity. By folding in between things, it can create pouches and fossa (pararectal fossa=all unnamed around rectum, rectovesical pouch(males) and rectouterine and vesicouterine pouches (females)

Front 3

What are A, B and C and what are the junctions between them?

Back 3

the order of the canal is:
Sigmoid colon-->rectosigmoid junction-->rectum-->anorectal flexure-->anal canal

Front 4

what is the distinction between the rectum and the anal canal?
what is the division line between them?

Back 4

rectum: the last part of the colon that is straight (rectum=straight in latin). It begins when the sigmoid colon ends because the colon straightens. The puborectalis sling makes an anorectal ring, dividing the rectum from the anal canal

Front 5

what level does the rectum end at?

Back 5

at the level of the pelvic diaphragm. The pelvic diaphragm is made of levator ani and coccygeus. Part of levator ani, puborectalis, makes a sling that divides rectum from anal canal, so it makes sense that the pelvic diaphragm is the division

Front 6

where is the anal canal located?

Back 6

within the peritoneum from the puborectal sling to the anus. 2/3 of the way down it is no longer hind-gut derived, and this division is marked by the pectinate line and the end of anal columns

Front 7

MALES: where are the different portions of urethra (4) and where are the internal and external sphincters located??

Back 7

internal urethral surrounds preprostatic
external urethra surrounds membranous/intermediate

Front 8

what is the internal urethral sphincter for? How is it innervated?

Back 8

to prevent ejaculate reflux into bladder. this is why females only have an external urethral sphincter. Unlike the external urethral sphincter, it is not somatically innervated

Front 9

how is the female urethra different from the male?

Back 9

-runs directly from bladder to vestibule
-only one sphincter (external, somatic)

Front 10

where can the female external urethra sphincter be found?

Back 10

the deep perineal pouch

Front 11

prostate anatomy: lobes, base, apex?

Back 11

high five-5 lobes
has ejaculatory duct inside
secretes fluid directly into prostatic urethra

Front 12

Back 12

A=fundus, above fallopian tubes
B=isthmus, constriction, divides fundus/cervix
C=cervix, internal os-->external os
D=posterior fornix (lateral,anterior exist around cervix too)
E=external os
F=vagina

Front 13

Back 13

A=ampula of vas deferens
B=vas deferens (run from testes via inguinal canal over ureters to prostatic urethra via ejaculatory duct)
C=seminal vesicle(inf. to vas d. ampulla)
D=apex of prostate

Front 14

Back 14

A=mesovarium
B=uterine tube
C=mesosalpinx (salpinx=fallopian)
D=proper ovarian ligament
E=mesometrium (metrium=uterus)

Front 15

What is the broad ligament of the uterus?

Back 15

the mesentery of the uterus and fallopian tubes and ovaries
*includes 3 subclasses meso-salpinx,ovarium,metrium

Front 16

what does the round ligament connect?

Back 16

the round ligament of the uterus runs within the mesometrium and through the inguinal canal to the labia majora (gubernaculum derivative)

Front 17

What are uterine fibroids(clinical correlate)?

Back 17

*benign tumors in the uterus
*highly variable and common (25% of women in life)
*often assymptomatic, except in pregs

Front 18

what color is the:
1) peritoneum
2)pelvic cavity
3)abdominal cavity
4)true pelvis

Back 18

orange=perineum
red=pelvic cavity
pink=abdominal cavity
red+orange=true pelvis

Front 19

is the superficial perineal pouch part of the true pelvis?

Back 19

no. only the deep pouch is because the true pelvis ends at the pelvic outlet

Front 20

one more time: what are the boundaries of the true pelvis?

Back 20

the pelvic brim/inlet-->pelvic diaphragm

Front 21

how do you divide the perineum into the UG triangle and anal triangle?

Back 21

draw a line between the ischial tuberosities (looking into the outlet)

Front 22

what are the muscles of the pelvic outlet?

Back 22

Front 23

what defines the UGT (what are the lateral, superior, inferior borders?)

Back 23

laterally, the dividing line btw ischial tuberosities divides UGT from AT
laterally, pubic symphysis and ischiopubic rami
inferior/superficially: subcutaneous tissue
superior/anterior: pelvic diaphragm

Front 24

what is the skeleton of the UGT and why?

Back 24

the perineal membrane, a sheet of deep fascia stretched between ischiopublic rami (across half of pelvic outlet)
*it is the middle most structure to the UGT that everything builds on
-divides UGT into superficial and deep pouches (is the medial most thing like the skeleton)

Front 25

what is the perineal body?

Back 25

the "tunnel" looking central tendon of the perineum
*serves as the attachment point for muscles of the perineal pouches and AT and pelvic diaphragm
*btw bulb of the penis and anus in males
*btw vagina and anus in females

Front 26

What nerves and vasculature supply the urogenital triangle?

Back 26

the pudendal nerve and internal puedendal vessels
*note the name difference!!

Front 27

what nerves/vasculature supplies the anal triangle?

Back 27

the pudendal nerve gives off the inferior rectal nerve and the internal pudendal vessels gives off the inferior rectal vessels

Front 28

what is the route the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery take to the UGT?

Back 28

S234--out greater sciatic foramen, through gluts, in lesser sciatic foramen, gives off inferior rectal, continues through obdurator foramen (pudendal canal) to get to UGT

Front 29

what is pudendal nerve entrapment? (clinical correlate)

Back 29

Front 30

label the components of the female deep perineal pouch? what is not shown (2)?

Back 30

1=deep transverse perineal muscle
2=external urethral sphincter
3=deep perineal pouch
4=sphincter urethrovaginalis
5=proximal part of urethra
6=opening to vagina
not shown is the inshioanal fat, branches of PVN and IPV

Front 31

what are the components of the deep perineal pouch in males? what part is not pictured? (3)

Back 31

1=deep transverse perineal muscle
2=external sphincter
5= intermediate/membranous urethra
not shown is the bulbourethral glands, inshioanal fat, branches of PVN and IPV

Front 32

label the components of the superficial (outside of perineum) perineal pouch

Back 32

Front 33

Back 33

Front 34

what are the erectile tissues of the penis?

Back 34

pink roots on perineum=crus, made of corpora cavernosus
purple bulb= bulb of penis, made of corpus spongiosum
BOTH erectile tissues continue into shaft and bulbospongiosus covers glans of penis

Front 35

what is special about the corpus bulbospongiosus in the shaft of the penis?

Back 35

*there is no erectile corpora bulbospongeosus in female external genitalia
* the urethra runs in the middle of the corpora bulbospongeosus

Front 36

*muscles covering erectile tissues, ligaments, tendon
*note the backwards pink/purple color :(

Back 36

1=deep transverse perineal m
2=perineal body
3=bulbospongeosus m over bulb of penis (somatic)
4=ischiocavernosus m over crura (somatic)
5= suspensory ligament of the penis (buck's fascia)
6=fundiform ligament of the penis (superficial fascia)

Front 37

label the fascia layers

Back 37

superficial fascia of the penis=dartos fascia

Front 38

what is the perineal membrane?

Back 38

Front 39

what is in the superficial perineal pouch in males?

Back 39

superficial transverse perineal m (both)
perineal branches of IPV, PN (both)
bulb of penis and bulbospongiosis m
crura of penis and ischiocavernosus m
proximal part of spongy urethra

Front 40

what is in the superficial perineal pouch for females?

Back 40

bulbs of vestibule and bulbospongiosus m
crura of clitoris and ischiocavernosus m
greater vestibular glands
superficial transverse perineal m (both)
perineal branches of IPV, PN (both)

Front 41

what is in the deep perineal pouch for males?

Back 41

deep transverse perineal m (both)
part of external urethral sphincter (both)
anterior extensions of ischioanal fat pads (both)
perineal branches of IPV, PN (both)
intermediate (membranous urethra)
bulbourethral glands

Front 42

what is in the deep perineal pouch for females?

Back 42

deep transverse perineal m (both)
part of external urethral sphincter (both)
anterior extensions of ischioanal fat pads (both)
perineal branches of IPV, PN (both)
proximal part of urethra
sphincter urethrovaginalis

Front 43

what is the fascia of the abdomen? (3)

Back 43

Front 44

what is the fascia of the penis (3)

Back 44

Front 45

what is the fascia of the scrotum?

Back 45

Front 46

what is the fascia of the perineum?

Back 46

Front 47

what are the superficial muscles and fascia of the gluteal region?

Back 47

*tract not band

Front 48

what is the function of the gluteus maximus?

Back 48

extension of hip joint

Front 49

what is the function of the tensor fasciae latae?

Back 49

stabilize hip and knee joints

Front 50

what is the IT tract? what does it do?

Back 50

longitudinal fibrous thickening of fascia lata
-fascia sends septa in toward femur to create compartments
insertion site for gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae mm

Front 51

what are the intermediate and deep muscles of the gluteal region?

Back 51

* two thin unlabelled are superior and inferior gamelis

Front 52

what are the intermediate muscles and what are their fxn?

Back 52

Gluteus medius and minimus
adbuction

Front 53

what are the deep gluteal muscles and what are their fxn?

Back 53

-piriformis
-obdurator internus
-quadratus femoris
fxn=lateral rotation

Front 54

label all the parts of the os coxae

Back 54

Gluteal lines
ischial spine
acetabulum
ischial tuberosity
obdurator foramen
pubis?
ischiopubic ramus
pubic tubercle
anterior inferior iliac spine
anterior superior iliac spine

Front 55

What muscles attach at these points?

Back 55

Front 56

where do the gluts attach?

Back 56

gluteal lines

Front 57

where do the hamstrings attach?

Back 57

ischial tuberosity

Front 58

where does the IT band attach?

Back 58

at the iliac tubercle

Front 59

where does the tensor fascia latae attach?

Back 59

anterior superior iliac spine

Front 60

where does the rectus femoris attach?

Back 60

anterior inferior iliac spine

Front 61

where do the adductor muscles attach?

Back 61

Pubis

Front 62

What kind of joint is the hip joint?

Back 62

a synovial ball (head of the femur) and socket (acetabulum) joint

*high mobility!

Front 63

what is the lunate surface?

Back 63

*C-shaped facet that is covered in articular cartiage
*gap in cartilage is the acetabular notch
*like a cresent moon luna

Front 64

what is the transverse acetabular ligament?

Back 64

-bridges the acetabular notch to close off the gap in the lunate surface

Front 65

what is the acetabular labrum?

Back 65

fibrocartilaginous ring that increases the depth of the acetabulum

Front 66

what is the fovea capitis?

Back 66

the pit in the head of the femur
-attaches to the deepest part of the acetabulum via round ligament of the head of the femur

Front 67

label everything!

Back 67