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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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study of how the body functions |
physiology |
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a state of equilibrium. in respect to functions and composition of fluids and tissues |
homeostasis |
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what is it called when the patient is standing erect with feet on the floor and palms facing forward |
anatomical position |
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this part of the skeleton consists of the head, neck, thorax, and abdomen |
axial skeleton |
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this part of the skeleton consists of extremities (arms, legs, and pelvic bones) |
appendicular skeleton |
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this does not require energy. process of particles moving from a higher concentration to a lower concentration until it hits equilibrium. ex. spraying an air freshener in the front of a room and it will eventually hit the back of the room, but it will be diluted |
diffusion |
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passive transport of water from a higher to a lower concentration |
osmosis |
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what are the particles suspended in a liquid. what is the liquid. what contains all of the above |
solute solvent solution |
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when the solution is equal (at a balance) ex. normal saline .9 solution |
isotonic |
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side of the solution with the higher concentration. increased solute ex. when this solution is put into an iv it pulls water out of the cells (edema) and reduces swelling |
hypertonic solution |
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side of the solution with the lower concentration. decreased solute ex. when this solution is put into an iv the cells will burst and you will die |
hypotonic solution |
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inside the cell or cytoplasmic membrane |
intracellular |
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outside the cell or cytoplasmic membrane |
extracellular |
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what is the chief extracellular cation |
sodium |
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process used to move substances against the concentration gradient or toward the side with the higher concentration. REQUIRES ENERGY. faster than diffusion ex. infinity pool, constantly going against the current |
active transport |
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what is an electrically charged particle |
ion |
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a positively charged ion |
cation |
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a negatively charged ion |
anion |
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what is a major anion |
chloride |
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which one is more abundant outside of the cell and inside of the cell? sodium & potassium |
inside - potassium outside - sodium |
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linked to the bodys ability to eliminate CO2, decreased respiratory rate or volume will lead to this. increase in CO2 will result in elevated carbonic acid production. relys on renal buffering system. increase CO2 decrease pH |
respiratory acidosis |
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linked with the respiratory system and the elimination of CO2. excessive elimination of CO2. increased respiratory rate, hyperventilation, anxiety. decreased CO2 increased pH |
respiratory alkalosis |
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increased level of acids or loss of bases, diabetic ketoacidosis, diarrhea, vomiting CO2 remains normal decreased pH |
metabolic acidosis |
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less common, loss of metabolic acids or increase in bicarbonate. excessive vomiting, long term diuretic use, CO2 remains normal increased pH |
metabolic alkalosis |
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which one loses more bases? diarrhea or vomiting |
diarrhea |
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which one loses more acids? vomiting or diarrhea |
vomiting |
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what is the minimum number sets of vitals you need in order to see a trend |
3 |
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what does STOPEATS mean and what is it checking for |
s - sugar (hypo or hyper) t - temperature (hypo or hyper) o - oxygen (abnormal level can alter consciousness) p - pressure (increased ICP due to head trauma) e - electricity (electric shock or brain problems) a - altitude (high alt=pulmonary edema, low alt=nitrogen narcosis) t - toxins (drugs, alcohol, poisons) s - salts (low sodium and potassium can alter brain activity) |
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what are the three main parts to a scene size up |
safety (personal, partner, public, patient) number (# of patients, rescuers, resources) moi or noi (mechanism of injury or nature of illness) |
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when in your assessment should c-spine be considered |
when assessing breathing |
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bruising around and/or underneath the eyes, could indicate head injury, skull fracture, head related injuries |
raccoon eyes |
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bruising behind the ears, could indicate a head injury, skull fracture ect. |
battle signs |
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what type of drainage from the ears and possibly the nose could indicate a head injury |
csf - cerebrospinal fluid |
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how do you test for csf |
dab it and lay it on a flat surface |
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what is CSM or as i know it PMS |
circulation, sensation, movement pulse, motor, sensation |
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what is SOAP |
subjective objective assessment plan |
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signs and symptoms related to a working diagnosis that the patient is not experiencing |
pertinent negatives |
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signs and symptoms related to a working diagnosis that the patient is experiencing |
pertinent positives |
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the inadequate circulation of blood through an organ or part of the body; shock. |
hypoperfusion |
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receptors that primarily cause vasoconstriction |
alpha 1 receptor |
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a positively charged particle emitted by certain radioactive materials |
alpha particle |
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listening to the words that the patient is saying as well as paying attention to the significance of those words to the patient |
active listening |
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sharing the patients feelings or emotional state in relation to an illness |
sympathy |
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identification with and understanding of anothers situation, feelings, and motives |
empathy |
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what is the universal donor |
o- |
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what is the universal recipient |
AB |
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when asking a question this kind will not have yes or no answers, it will require the patient to explain what is going on in their own words |
open ended questions |
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Expressions, motions, gestures, and body language that may be used to communicate other than with words give examples |
Nonverbal cues -posture, facial expressions, touching a shoulder hand briefly, eye contact, hand motions |
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give examples of how you build a patient rapport |
eye contact, listening to them, dressing professionally, good attitude, introducing yourself, carrying your self in a good manner, confidence not cockiness. |
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treating someone with an apparent kindness but also betrays a feeling of superiority |
patronizing ex. condescending, to look down on, put down |
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questions that can be answered with a short response such as yes or no questions give examples |
direct (close ended) questions "are you having pain today" " is your pain like a stabbing pain" |
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checks the responsiveness of the patient AVPU |
a- alert v- verbal p- painful u- unresponsive |
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what is MOI and NOI |
moi- mechanism of injury noi- nature of illness |
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what is the purpose of the primary assessment |
to determine any life threatening injuries that need intervention now |
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a quick head to toe assessment of a medical patient who is unresponsive or an altered mental status |
rapid medical assessment |
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a quick head to toe assessment of a trauma patient with a significant mechanism of injury |
rapid trauma assessment |
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bruising around the flanks that may indicate pancreatitis, or intraabdominal hemorrhage |
grey turners sign |
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how do you make proper corrections on a PCR |
put one line through the whole thing an initial it |
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chart |
chief complaint, history, assessment, Rx(treatment), transport |
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soap |
subjective, objective, assessment, plan |
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hippa |
privacy! all patients things remain confidential |
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radio frequency are assigned and licensed by the |
FCC federal communication commission |
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what are the phases of communication to complete an ems call |
occurrence, detection, notification and response, treatment and preparation for transport, preparation for the next event |
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examples of electronic communcation |
fax machine, laptops in the rig, cell phones to transmit ekgs, computer generated reports |
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receptor found in the heart and causes an increase in heart rate, strengthens in cardiac contraction |
beta 1 receptor |
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these receptors are found in plenty of places in the body, most important to us in the lungs and causes bronchodilation and also causes mild vasodilation, also causes relaxation of the intestines, bladder, and uterus |
beta 2 receptor |
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what contains the 3 stages of glycolysis, krebs cycle, and electron transport system |
cellular respiration |
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what is the most common cause of cell death |
? |
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define semi permeable membranes |
? |
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what is the normal pH value in the body |
7.35-7.45 |
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what are some scene safety considerations |
crowds, animals, lifting assistance, stairs, combative patients, drugs, bars, alleys, dark places, accidents, highway |
