Module 11 (Digestive System 1)

Front 1

Oral cavity

Back 1

Where ingestion and fragmentation occurs

Front 2

Stomach

Back 2

Where digedtion is initiated

Front 3

Small intestine

Back 3

Where digestion is completed (main absorptive process)

Front 4

Must know

Back 4

Must know: liquid residue from small intestine progressively becomes solid as water is absorbed until it passes to the anal canal via elimination

Front 5

Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscular is propria/externa

Adventitia/ Serosa

Back 5

4 functional layers of GI tract from esophagus to anus

Front 6

Muscularis mucosae

Back 6

Thin smooth muscle layer that demarcates upper lamina propria from underlying submucosa

Front 7

Submucosa

Back 7

Layer of GI: loose collagenous tissue containing larve BV, lymphatic and nerves

Front 8

Mucosa

Back 8

Layer of GI: made of epithelium lamina propria and muscularis mucosae

Front 9

Inner circulae

Outer longitudinal

Back 9

Smooth muscle arrangement in muscularis externa/propria layer (except stomach)

Front 10

Inner circular

Outer longitudinal

Inner oblique

Back 10

Smooth muscle arrangement in muscularis extrrna/propria of stomach

Front 11

Peristaltic contraction

Back 11

Function of Inner circularOuter longitudinal orientation of muscle

Front 12

Myenteric/ Auerbach plexus

Back 12

Found between Inner circular and Outer longitudinal muscles

Front 13

Adventitia/ Serosa

Back 13

Outer layer of loose areolar and adipose tissue containing major vessels and nerves

Front 14

Enamel

Dentin

Pulp

Back 14

Layers of teeth from outermost to innermost

Front 15

Enamel

Dentin

Pulp

Back 15

Layers of teeth from hardest to softest

Front 16

Odontoblast

Back 16

Dentin is lined by...?

Front 17

Dentinal tubules

Back 17

Carry dentinal substances from dentocytes

Front 18

Gum/Gingiva

Back 18

Where root of tooth is embedded

Front 19

Periodontal membrane

Back 19

This membrane lines cementum

Front 20

Skeletal muscle

Back 20

Muscle lining of dorsal surface of tongue

Front 21

Tastebud

Back 21

Found at lateral ends of circumvalate papilla

Front 22

Papillary region

Back 22

Region w/c is anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Front 23

Stratified squamous keratinizing to non keratinizing

Back 23

Lining of tongue

Front 24

Sulcus terminalis

Back 24

Divides tongue into anterior and posterior

Front 25

Lingual area

Back 25

Area w/c is the posterior 1/3 of tongue and has tonsils

Front 26

Anterior

Back 26

Where is circumvalate papilla located in relation to sulcus terminalis ?

Front 27

Circumvalate papilla

Back 27

Largest papilla and is between papillary and tonsilar region of tongue

Front 28

Fungiform papilla

Back 28

Numerous at tip and sides of tongue and is mushroom shaped. It has tastebuds

Front 29

Filiform papia

Back 29

Scattered everywhere, conical in shape and is the most numerous papilla of tongue

Front 30

Follate/ Follicular/ Folic papilla

Back 30

Not fully developed papilla in human

Front 31

Serosa

Back 31

At areas w/in peritoneal cavity, Adventitia is called...?

Front 32

Tongue

Oral cavity

Pharynx

Upper 1/3 of esophagus

Back 32

Propulsion of food is voluntary from where to where (say 4 things) ?

Front 33

Interstitial cells of Cajal

Back 33

Pacemaker cells that initiates contraction of smooth muscle

Front 34

Gastro-esophageal reflux

Back 34

Prevents reflux of food that goes into stomach

Front 35

M- strat. Squam epith

L-scattered lymphoid aggregates

S-seromucous glands (abundant in upper and lower third

Mp- upper third: thick skelly musc

Middle third:skelly and smooth

Lower third: smooth musc

A-fibrous, lacks serous covering

Back 35

Esophagus

Mucosa-

Lamina Propria-

Submucosa-

Muscularis propria-

Adventita-

Front 36

Chyme

Back 36

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food forms...?

Front 37

Pylori sphincter

Back 37

Sphincter bet. stomach and small intestine

Front 38

Rugae

Back 38

Folds of gastric mucosa

Front 39

Gastric pits/ foveolae

Back 39

Gastric glands open into the gastric lumen via...?

Front 40

Cardia

Back 40

Mucous secreting glands surrounding Junction of esophagus

Front 41

Compound tubular

Back 41

Morphology of cardia glands

Front 42

Branched tubular glands

Secretes gastric juice

Back 42

Glands of stomach fundus and its function

Front 43

Surface mucous cells

Neck cells

Parietal/oxyntic cells

Chief/ zymogenic/ peptic cells

Neuroendocrine cell

Stem cell

Back 43

Cells of gastric glands (6)

Front 44

Surface mucous cells

Back 44

Gastric gland cell that covers luminal seuface of stomach and Secretes bicarbonate

Front 45

Neck mucous cells

Back 45

Gastric gland cell that is squeezes bet. parietal cells of neck and protects from gastric acid autodigestion

Front 46

Parietal/ oxyntic cells

Back 46

Gastric gland cell that is most numerous in the isthmus and Secretes HCl and intrinsic factor

Front 47

Terminal ileum

Back 47

Absorption of B12 occurs where?

Front 48

Parietal/ oxyntic cells

Back 48

Gastric gland cell that has a fried egg appearance and an intensely acidophilic cytoplasm

Front 49

Chief/ zymogenic/ peptic cells

Back 49

Gastric gland cell that has a strongly basophilic granular cytoplasm with zymogen granules and basally located nuclei

Front 50

Neuroendocrine cells

Back 50

Gastric gland cell that secretes hormones including serotonin

Front 51

Stem cells

Back 51

Gastric gland cell that are undifferentiated. At neck of glands and replaces all other cell types

Front 52

Branched and coiled tubular

Back 52

Glands of pylorus

Front 53

G-cells

Back 53

Neuroendocrine ells that secrete gastrin

Front 54

Intestinal capillaries and liver; portal vein

Intersinal lymphatics; lacteals

Back 54

AA and monosaccharides enter the___ and ___, thru ___

Reconstituted triglycerides enter the ___ thru ___, bypassing the liver

Front 55

Duodenum

Back 55

Main function is to neutralize gastric acid and pepsin

Front 56

Short tubular glands

Back 56

Glands of duodenal mucosa

Front 57

Villi
Short tubular glands
crypts of Lieberkuhn

Back 57

Contents of duodenal mucosa

Front 58

Longest; Shortest

Back 58

Length of villi in:
____ in the duodenum and becomes _____ towards the ileum

Front 59

Branched tubular glands (duodenal Brunner's glands)

Back 59

Glands of the duodenal submucosa

Front 60

MUST KNOW

Back 60

MUST KNOW: Chyme stimulates brunner's glands to secrete thin alkaline mucus that neutralizes acidic chyme and protects mucosa from autodigestion

Front 61

Inner circular and outer longitudinal layer

Back 61

Muscle orientation of small intestine

Front 62

Plicae circulares/ Folds of Kerckring

Back 62

Transverse folds of the mucosa of the ileum

Front 63

Jejunum and proximal ileum

proximal duodenum and distal ileum

Back 63

Plicae circulares/ Folds of Kerckring is present in ___ and ___,

Absent in ___ and ___

Front 64

MUST KNOW

Back 64

MUST KNOW: Lymphoid tissue becomes more prominent in the ileum because of the Peyer's Patches

Front 65

Enterocytes

Back 65

Most common cell type in the intestinal epithelium (simple columnar) seen at the brush border and are the main absorptive cells

Front 66

Goblet cells

Back 66

Cells that produce mucin for lubrication and protection, scattered among the enterocytes

Front 67

Paneth cells

Back 67

Cells found at base of crypts, has eosinophilic apical granules and has apical defensive function

Front 68

Neuroendocrine cells

Back 68

Cells that regulate GIT motility and secretion (intestine)

Front 69

Intraepithelial lymphocytes

Back 69

Mostly T-cell, responsible for defense of invasive organisms in the intestine

Front 70

Absorption of water and salt from feces and propulsion into rectum and anus

Back 70

Principal function of large intestine

Front 71

Taenia coli

Back 71

Three separate bands of longitudinal muscle layer in the rectum

Front 72

MUST KNOW

Back 72

MUST KNOW: Intestinal villi are no longer present in the large intestine but still numerous in goblet cells

Front 73

MUST KNOW

Back 73

MUST KNOW: Colon's lymphoid aggregates are smaller than Peyer's patches and found between lamina propria and submucosa

Front 74

Columns of Morgagni

Back 74

Longitudinal folds of mucosa immediately above the anal valves

Front 75

MUST KNOW

Back 75

MUST KNOW: large intestine is inhabited by commensal bacteria for food degradation

Front 76

Appendix a.k.a Abdominal tonsil

Back 76

Small blind-ended tube distal to the ileocaecal junction

Front 77

MUST KNOW

Back 77

MUST KNOW: mucosa of appendix is same as large intestine

> presence of straight tubular glands or crypts line by goblet cells

Front 78

Mesentery or mesoappendix

Back 78

Layer of appendix that contains blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves

Front 79

Acute appendicitis

Back 79

Most common appendix disorder

> severe abdominal pain at right lower quadrant accompanied by fever and GI symptoms

Front 80

Rectum

Back 80

Terminal portion of large intestine; holding chamber of feces prior to defacation

Front 81

4 cm

Back 81

Measurement of anal canal (in cm)

Front 82

MUST KNOW

Back 82

MUST KNOW: mucosa of rectum is the same as the rest of the bowel except that it has more numerous goblet cells

Front 83

Branched tubular circumanal glands

Back 83

Glands at rectoanal junction

Front 84

Skeletal muscle (voluntary muscle)

Back 84

Muscle lining of anal sphincter

Front 85

MUST KNOW

Back 85

MUST KNOW:

At the anus:
stratified squamous goes gradual transition to skin which contains sebaceous glands and large apocrine sweat glands

Front 86

Perianal glands of GAY

Back 86

Apocrine glands at perianal region

Front 87

Smooth muscle

Back 87

Lining of internal anal sphincter

Front 88

Skeletal muscle

Back 88

Lining of external anal sphincter