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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anatomy |
The structure and shape of the human body - Gross (macroscopic) Anatomy - Microscopic Anatomy |
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Physiology |
The processes (functions) of the body - Cellular Physiology - Renal Physiology - Cardiovascular Physiology |
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Gross Anatomy |
Structures visible to the naked eye. Also called macroscopic anatomy. - Surface Anatomy - Systemic Anatomy - Regional Anatomy - Surgical Anatomy |
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Microscopic Anatomy |
Structures visible under a microscope - Cytology - Histology - Embryology |
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Levels of Structural Organization |
- Chemical Level - Cellular Level - Tissue Level - Organ Level - System Level - Organism Level |
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Integumentary System |
- Skin, accessory organs (hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands) - Covers/protects tissues, and regulates temp |
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Skeletal System |
- Bones of the skeleton + cartilage - Protects/supports organs, forms blood cells, stores minerals |
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Muscular System |
- Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle - Produces movement, maintains posture |
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Nervous System |
- Brain, spinal cord, and nerves - Coordinates body movements through rapid activation of muscles and glands |
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Endocrine System |
- Ductless glands that secrete hormones - Regulates metabolism and chemical reactions |
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Cardiovascular System |
- Heart and blood vessels - Transports nutrients, gases, and other substances, provides a medium for disease control |
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Lymphatic/Immune System |
- Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes - Returns extra cellular fluid to blood, defends against disease |
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Digestive System |
- Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs (teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas) - Breaks down/absorbs nutrients |
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Respiratory System |
- Lungs and the tubes that bring air to and from the lungs - Exchanges gases between the external environment and the blood |
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Urinary System |
- Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra - Removes metabolic wastes, regulates fluid levels, regulates acid-base balance |
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Reproductive System |
- Testes, glands, ducts, and penis (male) - Ovaries, ducts, uterus, and vagina (female) - Survival of the human species, creating new individuals |
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Homeostasis |
When your body is healthy it is in a state of equilibrium in a relatively constant internal environment - (same-always) |
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Negative Feedback |
Reduces initial stimulus |
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Positive Feedback |
Increases initial stimulus |
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Directional Term: Superior |
Above a structure--towards the head |
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Directional Term: Inferior |
Below a structure--away from the head |
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Directional Term: Anterior (Ventral) |
Towards the front. From the shoulder blades to the chest |
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Directional Term: Posterior (Dorsal) |
Towards the back. From the chest to the shoulder blades |
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Directional Term: Medial |
Towards the middle |
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Directional Term: Lateral |
Away from the middle |
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Directional Term: Intermediate |
Between the side and the middle |
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Directional Term: Ipsilateral |
On the same side of the body |
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Directional Term: Contralateral |
On the opposite side of the body |
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Directional Term: Proximal |
Closer to origin. Proximity |
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Directional Term: Distal |
Farther from origin. Distant |
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Directional Term: Superficial |
Towards the surface of the body; external |
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Directional Term: Deep |
Away from the body's surface; internal |
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Body Region: Axial |
Consists of the head, neck, and trunk (torso) |
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Body Region: Appendicular Region |
Consists of the upper limbs (arms and hands) and the lower limbs (legs and feet) |
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Body Plane: Sagittal |
- Vertical line that separates left and right (midsagittal is equal, parasagittal is unequal parts) |
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Body Plane: Frontal (Coronal) Plane |
- Vertical line that separates the body into anterior and posterior |
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Body Plane: Transverse (Horizontal) Plane |
- Also called a cross-section. Separates body into superior and inferior |
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Body Plane: Oblique |
Horizontal |
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Body Cavity: Dorsal Cavity |
- Cranial cavity: Brain - Spinal (vertebral cavity): Spinal cord |
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Body Cavity: Ventral Cavity |
- Thoracic cavity: Divided by mediastinum--including heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and large blood vessels. Each side of the mediastinum is the lungs - Abdominopelvic cavity: Stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, and small intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs. |