Modern World History Chapter 1 Vocab

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Renaissance

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A period of European history lasting from about 1300 to 1600 during which renewed interest in classical culture led to changes in art, learning, and views of the world.

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Patron

Back 2

A person who supports artists, especially financially.

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Humanism

Back 3

a Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements.

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Secular

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Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters.

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Perspective

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An artistic technique that creates the appearance of 3 dimensions on a flat surface.

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Vernacular

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The everyday language of people in a region or country.

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Medici

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An extremely powerful banking family that essentially controlled Florence during the Renaissance, exercising power by lending money to the ruling politicians.

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Machiavelli

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Author of The Prince, he wrote about what a ruler has to do in order to gain and keep power.

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Leonardo da Vinci

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A painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist in the Renaissance. He painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.

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Utopia

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An imaginary land described by Thomas Moore representing an ideal place.

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Thomas More

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Author of Utopia, a book about a perfect society where greed, corruption, and war have been eliminated. Tried to show a better model of society.

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Johann Gutenberg

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Developed the printing press with moveable type, which allowed him to print the first book, the Bible, printed with moveable type.

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Desiderius Erasmus

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Wrote The Praise of Folly. A Christian humanist who thought that in order to improve society, all people should study the Bible.

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Catholic Reformation

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A 16the century movement in which the Roman Catholic Church tried to make changes in response to the Protestant Reformation.

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Reformation

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A movement for religious reform. It led to the founding of Christian churches that did not accept the pope's authority

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Indulgence

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A pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin.

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Lutheran

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A member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther

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Protestant

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A member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation

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Peace of Augsburg

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A 1555 agreement declaring that the reliogion of each German state would be decided by its ruler.

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Annul

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To cancel or set aside.

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Anglican

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Relating to the church of England

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Henry VIII

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Ruler of England from 1509-1547. His many marriages led to conflict with the Catholic Church and led to the founding of the Church of England.

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Calvinism

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A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin

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Jesuits

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Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola

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Theocracy

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A government controlled by religious leaders.

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Anabaptists

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In the Reformation, a member of a Protestant group that believed in baptizing only people old enough to decide to be Christian and who believed in the separation of church and state.

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Presbyterian

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A member of a Protestant church governed by presbyters(elders) and founded on the teachings of John Knox

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Council of Trent

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A meeting of Roman Catholic leaders called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant Reformers.