Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Law of Conservation of Mass?
|
Matter is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes.
|
|
|
Law of Definate Proportions?
|
A chemical compound contains the same elements in excactly the same proportions by mass reagardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound.
|
|
|
Law of Multiple Proportions?
|
If two or more different compounds are composed of the same two elements, the the ratio of the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element is always a ratio of small whole numbers.
|
|
|
__________ supplied evidence of the existence of electrons, which are negatively charged subatomic particles that have relatively little mass.
|
Cathode-ray tubes
|
|
|
Rutherford found evidence for the exsistence of the atomic nucleus by bombarding goild foil with a beam of _______ charged particles.
|
positively
|
|
|
Atomic nuclei are composed of protons which have an electric charge of ______, and (in all but one case) neutrons, which have and electric charge of _______.
|
+1, 0
|
|
|
The atomich number of an element is equal to the number of ______ of an atom of that element.
|
Protons
|
|
|
What is the mass number equal to?
|
The total number of protons and neutrons that make up the nuceleus of an atom of that element.
|
|
|
The relative atomic mass unit (amu) is based on the carbon-12 atom and is a convenient unit for measuring the mass of atoms. What does it equal?
|
1.660 540 x 10^-24 g
|
|
|
How is average atomic mass of an element found?
|
By calculating the weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of the element.
|
|
|
Avogadro's number is equal to what?
|
6.022 x 10^23
|
|
|
A sample that contains a number of ________s equal to Avogadro's number contains a mole of those ________s.
|
particle, particle
|
|
|
Why is Dalton's Atomic Theory a theory, and Democritus' only an idea?
|
Dalton's was testible.
|
|
|
Sum up Dalton's Atomic Theory. (5 Sentences)
|
1) All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms.
2) Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties. 3) Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed. 4) Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds. 5) In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, seperated, or rearranged. |
|
|
Modern Atomic Theory disproves pieces of Dalton's Theory. Name one.
|
Atoms can be divided.
|
|
|
Because atoms are electrically neutrak, they must contain a _________ charge to balence the _________ electrons.
|
positive, negative
|
|
|
Who discovered the atomic nuceleus and how?
|
Rutherford, by his famous gold foil experiment.
|
|
|
What are nuclear forces?
|
Short-range proton-neutron, proton-proton, and neutron-neutron forces that hold their nuclear particles together.
|
|
|
What is an atom?
|
The smallest particle of an element that retains the same chemical properties of said element.
|
|
|
How was the electron discovered?
|
When Thompson was investigating the relationship between electricity and matter, he concluded that all cathode rays are composed of identical negatively charged particles, which were named electrons.
|
|
|
What is the atomic number of an element?
|
The number of protons of each atom of that element.
|
|
|
What are isotopes?
|
Atoms of the same element that have different masses.
|
|
|
What is the mass number?
|
The total number of protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of an isotope.
|
|
|
What is a nuclide?
|
A general term for a specific isotope of an element?
|
|
|
What is the nuclear symbol, and number of protons & electrons & neutrons of Hydrogen-1.
|
Nuclear symbol = 1/1H
Protons = 1 Electrons = 1 Neutrons = 0 |
|
|
What is the nuclear symbol, and number of protons & electrons & neutrons of Helium-3.
|
Nuclear symbol = 3/2He
Protons = 2 Electrons = 2 Neutrons = 2 |
|
|
How would you solve the following problem? : "How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are there in an atom of chlorine-37?"
|
Given: name and mass number.
Unknown: numbers of protons, electrons, and neutrons. PLAN. Atomic # = # of protons + # of electrons. Mass# = # of neutrons + # of protons. So, the mass # is 37, right? PT says atomic # is 17. Let's plug it in! 37 (mass#) - 17 (atomic#) = 20 (neutrons). 17 protons & electrons. 20 neutrons. |
|
|
The atomic number is the number of what of an element?
|
Protons
|
|
|
What happens to the atomic masses as the elements in the periodic table increase?
|
Protons increases, Electrons increases, and the number of atoms in 1 mol stay the same.
|
|
|
List the number of protions, neutrons, and electrions in zinc-66.
|
30 Protons
36 Neutrons 30 Electrons |
|
|
Molar mass is...?
|
Atomic mass, found on periodic table.
|
|
|
Give an example of a physical process that illustrates the law of conservation of mass.
|
If water evaporates to vapor, it still has mass.
|
|
|
In cathode-ray tubes, the cathode ray is emitted from the negative electrode, which is called the _______.
|
Cathode
|
|
|
Atom?
|
Smallest unit of an element that can exsist alone.
|
|
|
+ly charged particle found in the nucleus?
|
Proton
|
|
|
Nuclear particle that has no charge?
|
Electron
|
|
|
What two subatomic particles are least massive and most massive?
|
Electron and Neutron.
|
|
|
Is an atom positively charged, negatively charged, or neutral?
|
Depends on the number of electrons.
|
|
|
Where are the protons and neutrons in an atom?
|
Nucleus.
|
|
|
Where are electrons in atoms?
|
Electron Cloud.
|
