Modern Biology Unit 2 Chapter 4 Section 3

Front 1

phospholipid bilayer

Back 1

another more specific name for the plasma/cell membrane of eukaryotes, made up of two layers of phospholipids

Front 2

hydrophilic

Back 2

"water loving" attracted to water

Front 3

hydrophobic

Back 3

"water fearing" water repelling

Front 4

chromosome

Back 4

structures in the nucleus made of DNA and protein, a condensed form of chromatin

Front 5

chromatin

Back 5

the form of DNA when a cell is not dividing, tangled threadlike material

Front 6

fluid mosaic model

Back 6

states that the phospholipid bilayer behaves like a fluid more than a solid

Front 7

peripheral proteins

Back 7

proteins that lie on only one side of the membrane and are not embedded in it

Front 8

integral proteins

Back 8

specific proteins embedded within the lipid bilayer, can emerge from one or two sides of the membrane

Front 9

receptor protein

Back 9

recognizes and binds the substances outside the cell

Front 10

enzyme

Back 10

assists chemical reactions inside of the cell

Front 11

transport protein

Back 11

helps substances move across the cell membrane

Front 12

nucleoplasm

Back 12

a jelly like fluid that fills the inside of a nucleus, holds the contents of the nucleus

Front 13

nuclear envelope

Back 13

a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, made up of 2 phospholipid bilayers

Front 14

nuclear pores

Back 14

protein-lined holes that cover the surface of the nuclear envelope, provide passageways for RNA and other materials

Front 15

ribosomes

Back 15

small roughly spherical organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

Front 16

nucleolus

Back 16

site where DNA is concentrated when it is in the process of making ribosomal RNA

Front 17

mitochondria

Back 17

tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Front 18

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 18

ER, a system of membranous tubes and sacs called cisternae, functions as an intracellular highway

Front 19

golgi apparatus

Back 19

a system of flattened membranous sacs that label proteins to go to certain parts of the cell, the UPS of the cell

Front 20

lysosomes

Back 20

vesicles that bud from the golgi apparatus and contain digestive enzymes

Front 21

cytoskeleton

Back 21

a network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscrosses the cytosol

Front 22

microtubules

Back 22

hollow tubes made of protein called tubulin, radiate outward from central point called the centrosome, hold organelles in place, act as tracks to guide organelles and molecules

Front 23

microfilaments

Back 23

long threads of the beadlike protein actin and are linked end to end and wrapped around each other like strands of rope

Front 24

intermediate filaments

Back 24

rods that anchor the nucleus and some other organelles to the places in the cell

Front 25

cilia

Back 25

hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement, short and present in large numbers

Front 26

flagella

Back 26

hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement, long and appear in very small numbers

Front 27

centrioles

Back 27

consist of 2 short cylinders of microtubules at right angles to each other and are situated in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope