Modern Art Midterm 1

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medium

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the actual physical material chosen as a vehicle of expression for any work of art.

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linear perspective

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Mathematically-based perspective, ordered round a central vanishing point

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aerial perspective

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The illusion of distance in the landscape in a painting achieved by making objects paler and bluer the further they are from the viewer.

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vanishing point

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Point towards which perspectival lines (orthogonals) converge

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contour

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outline of drawing without mass or depth

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impasto

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Term for paint that is thickly applied to a canvas or panel so that it stands in relief and retains the marks of the brush or palette knife

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picture plane

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The plane occupied by the surface of a picture. Since the development of perspectival theories in the Renaissance, the picture plane has been considered as the equivalent of a window through which the spectator views the world depicted in the picture.

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chiaroscuro

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describe the effects of light and dark in a work of art, particularly when they are strongly contrasting

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iconography

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descriptive and classificatory investigation of subject matter in the arts.

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Salon

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Normally refers to the exhibitions which took place in Paris under the auspices of the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture.

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genre

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referring to a type of picture that shows scenes from everyday life

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hue

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the dimension of colour which is referred to a scale ranging through red, yellow, green, blue, corresponding to the sensations experienced from stimulation by light of various wavelengths and ranging over the visible section of the spectrum

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tone

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the dimension of colour referred to a scale running from dim to bright

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1648

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Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture

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1737

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First public Salons

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1789

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French Revolution

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1804

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Napolean as Emperor

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en plein air

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"in the open air", and is particularly used to describe the act of painting outdoors.

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avant garde

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a term taken from the French which originally applied to the foremost part of an army, or vanguard, and was used in this sense in English from the 15th to 19th century. However, since the early 20th century (Daily Telegraph, 1 July 1910) it has been used to describe contemporary pioneers or innovators in any of the arts and also signifies work which challenges accepted standards.

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1848

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Revolution

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1863

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Salon des Refuses

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1860s-1870s

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Haussmann's redesign of Paris

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1871

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Paris Commune and the Franco-Prussian War

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1874

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First Impressionist Exhibition

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pointillism

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Technique of employing a point, or small dot, of colour to create the maximum colour intensity in a Neo-Impressionist canvas.

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divisionism

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Divisionism refers to the separation of colour into individual strokes of pigment, in accord with colour theories, rather than to the points themselves.

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primitivism

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primitivism purports to be: instinctive and spontaneous, or raw, physical, even transgressive expression

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fauvism

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concentration on a use of colour freed from a purely descriptive role and employed, instead, for expressive and emotional effect.

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expressionism

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it is employed with reference to two German movements of the early 20th century, Die Brücke and Der Blaue Reiter, both of which utilized heightened, non-naturalistic colour and striking forms to key up the emotional content of their work.

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woodcut/woodblock prints

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is a technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia and originating in China in antiquity as a method of printing on textiles and later paper

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abstract

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A term which can generally be applied to any non-representational art

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synaesthesia

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indicating literally a union of sensation, appears to have provided a source of inspiration to many working within the arts.

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1881-1882

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economic depression in Europe

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1888

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Van Gogh in Arles

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1891

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Gauguin in Tahiti

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1905

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first Fauve exhibit

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1905

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The Bridge

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1911

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The Blue Rider

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analytic cubism

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based on reducing natural forms to their basic geometrical parts. These three dimensional parts were then reconciled on a two-dimensional plane using subdued colors to the point where painting were nearly monochromatic.

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synthetic cubism

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In Synthetic Cubism, the artist uses strong colors and decorative shapes to dismantle an object and reassemble or "synthesize" its essential structural lines.

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collage

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a pictorial technique in which pieces of cut paper of all shapes and types are combined and stuck down on to another surface to create a design.