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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Vernacular Architecture?
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Vernacular Architecture- folk buildings, those built based on local traditions and untrained builders
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What is High Style Architecture?
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High Style Architecture- that is designed by trained architects, aware of building traditions
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What is the Greek World?
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Greece, Asia Minor, and Italy
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What are the three classical orders of columns?
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Greek Doric: flat, basic capital, no bases.
Ionic: curved vaults at the tops. Corinthian: intricate details on top |
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What are the three parts of a column?
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There are three parts of a column. A column is divided into a shaft, its base and its capital. In classical buildings the horizontal structure that is supported on the columns like a beam is called an entablature. The entablature is commonly divided into the architrave, the frieze and the cornice. To distinguish between the different Classical orders, the capital is used, having the most distinct characteristics.
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What are peripteral columns?
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Columns that go all the way around the sides.
a temple or other structure where the columns of the front portico are returned along its sides as wings at the distance of one or two intercolumniations from the walls of the naos or cella. Almost all the Greek temples were peripteral, whether Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian. |
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What is a pediment?
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point at the top of temples, end of gable roof.
In classic architecture the triangular-shaped portion of the wali above the cornice which formed the termination of the roof behind it. |
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Where is the temple front?
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Porch of building is the temple front.
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What is entasis?
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In architecture, entasis is the application of a convex curve to a surface for aesthetic purposes. Its best-known use is in certain orders of Classical columns that curve slightly as their diameter is decreased from the bottom upwards.
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Who is Pericles?
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Military leader through 5th cen. BC golden period, democracy flourished.
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Who is Cleistenes?
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First Greek aristocrat came to power and gave power to vote to masses.
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What order of columns were used by the Roman Empire?
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Roman Column Orders: Composite order and Tuscanite order.
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What is a major achievement of Romans?
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Concrete
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What is fluting?
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Fluting - Narrow vertical grooves on shafts of columns and pilasters
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What is the Appian Way?
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modern road of finished stones, long straight path.
The Appian Way was one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic. It connected Rome to Brindisi, Apulia, in southeast Italy. |
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What is trabeation?
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In architecture, a trabeated system or order refers to the use of horizontal beams or lintels which are borne up by columns or posts. It is the opposite of the arcuated system, which involves the use of arches.
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Who built and what is Pont du Gard, Nimes, France?
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Bridge of layers of arches, Roman-built.
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Describe the columns of Maison Carree, Nimes, France?
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Columns built on 3 sides, brick center and back
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Describe the dome of the Pantheon in Rome, Italy?
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Concrete drum with occulus in dome, temple front
Huge achievement in span of dome |
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What is a coffered ceiling?
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A coffer ceiling (or coffering) in architecture, is a sunken panel in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a ceiling.
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What type of structures did Indians and English colonist live in, in Colonial North America?
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Indians lived in wigwams, built with poles and sticks with woven mats of grass overlaying.
Reconstructions for English habitations mimicking Indians settlements. |
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Describe the Parson Capen House in Topsfield, MA.
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More sophisticated housing, log structures with shingled roof, series of dozens of houses
Relatively high status housing, had resources to maintain, New England has many trees Roof steep to shed snow, reflect sunlight; chimney central to trap heat Summer beams span length of building Hall-parlor plans: two room plan (hall larger for entertaining, parlor for sleeping) Carving in handrail, parlor furniture indicative of high status. |
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What is brace-framed construction?
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Heavy timber framed buildings, diagonal braces in corners.
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What does jetty mean?
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projection of second level of the structure
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Describe the Old Ship Meetinghouse from 1681 in MA. Also, how are VA settlements different?
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Puritan church in Massachutsess, built square to get away from doctrinal axial design.
Pulpit on the long wall, not narrow; whole design is antithetical to Church of England design. Virginia settlements distinctly different, land much more arable and plantation dominated |
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Describe the St. Lukes Church in Isle of Wright, Virginia 1632-1675.
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VA colonies more supported by the church, copying English architecture
Long axial plans in line with Anglican Church, Arched screen, *rood screen, before worship area separating. |
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Describe the homes in New Orleans (built by the French).
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Galleries in houses, long steeped roof to prevent rainfall
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Describe the German settlements in PA.
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German settlements in PA, often not symmetrical, windows in the center of each room
German housing has three room plans, “Flurkuchenhaus” (hall-kitchen house) Strength is in floorplan, lives organized mostly in hall |
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What is Madame John's Legacy in New Orleans from 1727?
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Many buildings built one room deep for air circulation
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What are a galleries?
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Extended raised porches in the front of houses that run the length of house.
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Describe the Acoma Puebloin Acoma, NM built in the 1st century.
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Church is Spanish designed, town is Pueblo Indian construct
Built on the top of a mesa to as a defense position, most indians didn’t have permanent settlements Made of adobe bricks- made of clay, stacked and skin coat the building with mud Taos Pueblo to the north |
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What are vigas?
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Vigas are wooden beams characteristic of older adobe construction in the southwestern United States of America, and commonly encountered for ornamental rather than functional purposes in Pueblo Revival Style architecture.
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Who built the San Francisco de Assis in Ranchos de Taos, NM in 1815?
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Built by Indians to mimic Spanish architecture, combines skills and effects
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Why are there buttresses on Spanish mission churches?
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Buttresses on Spanish mission churches merely for effect, not needed to support building
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