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122 Cards in this Set

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Describe the Battle of Antietam.
Very bloody 12-hour battle known as Sharpsburg to the Confederacy. Estimated 2,040 people died.
Describe Lincoln's 10% Plan.
10% of votes were needed in the 1860 election to vote to abolish slavery.
Describe the Wade-Davis Bill.
It left political rights for blacks up to the states. Lincoln didn't sign or send it back, which constitutes a "pocket veto".
What did the 14th Amendment provide?
Citizenship for black Americans.
What was Seward's folly?
When we gained Alaska from Russia.
What happened in the case of Plessy vs. Ferguson?
Supreme court ruled that separate but equal facilities are legal for blacks and whites.
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?
It barred Chinese from becoming American citizens, and no new Chinese could come to the U.S.
What was the purpose of the Homestead Act?
Under President Wilson, people could buy land for $18, but had to improve the land (build a house) in the first 5 years; totaled 270 million acres.
What was the purpose of the Dawes Act?
It eliminated tribal ownership for Native Americans; it became individually owned instead of communally.
What happened when limited liability went into effect?
There was no longer personal liability for corporate wrongs if you owned shares of stock in a company. (people used to get sued for their property)
What is horizontal integration?
You buy out your competitors.
What is vertical integration?
You buy every "ingredient" for your product so that you control your cost of production.
What are 3 problems associated with monopolies?
Fixed prices, instability, and increasing inequality.
What happened in the Great Railroad Strike?
It was a national strike, and Rutherford B. Hayes sent in troops to break it up because the mail wasn't being delivered.
What was the AFL?
American Federation of Labor- were opposed to female employment
What caused the Homestead Strike?
Wage reductions.
What was the first major movie?
"Birth Of A Nation"
What is patronage?
Getting paid in order to secure position for yourself by offering donators positions.
What is a Stalwart?
Someone who stays strong in their political opinions; opposed to change.
What were half-breeds?
People who wanted a little reform.
Who shot President Garfield?
Charles Gutheau
What were mugwumps?
Republicans that supported reform and changed their vote to support Grover Cleveland.
What were Grangers?
A group of farmers who were for education on farmers and government; also created the Populist Party and got 1,000,000 votes.
What did the Monroe Doctrine state?
No colonization could occur by Europe in South America because they weren't a part of the Western Hemisphere.
What is hegemony?
Domination (i.e. hemispheric hegemony)
What happened when Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown from Hawaii in 1894?
A provisional government was formed in Hawaii.
When did Hawaii become a U.S. terriroty?
1898
What happened in the Acquisition of Samoa?
The U.S. and Germany divided the Hawaiian islands between them. (1899)
Describe what happened to the USS Maine.
It exploded and the U.S. blamed Spain as an excuse for war, stating it was a bomb or torpedo; research has shown that it was probably actually the boiler room.
What was the Platt Amendment?
An amendment put into the Cuban Constitution by the U.S. It stated the government of Cuba could not enter into treaties with other foreign powers without U.S. permission; made the U.S. "protectors" of Cuba.
Who were the Muckrakers?
People such as Ida Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens; brought lower societies' conditions to the surface by writing about them to increase awareness.
What was the Hull House?
A settlement house created by Jane Adams in Chicago; provided educational nights, shared cultures, and sheltered the homeless.
What did the 19th Amendment provide?
Women's right to vote.
Explain the concepts of Initiative and Referendum.
Initiative is when the people vote to have something voted/revoted on (i.e. propositions).
Referendum takes laws that were passed and gives them straight to the public to vote.
What was the NAACP and their strategy?
National Association for Advancement of Colored People (1939); strategy was to register to vote and fight in wars.
What was the idea of Eugenics and Nativism?
Restricting of people from immigrating to the U.S. from certain countries for "adaptation" reasons (i.e. language, religion, appearance)
What happened to the Northern Securities Company?
President Theodore Roosevelt brought suit against them for being too powerful.
What was the Payne-Aldrich Tariff?
Lowered taxes slightly on imported goods.
What happened in the Ballinger-Pinchot Dispute?
Ballinger tried to get rid of 1,000,000 acres. Pinchot (a cabinet member) accused him of doing it for personal gain. Taft backed up Ballinger, and Pinchot went to the press.
Who created the Bull Moose Party?
Theodore Roosevelt
What were some of Woodrow Wilson's accomplishments?
Lowering the tariffs, the Federal Reserve Act, and The Federal Trade Commission Act.
What was the Great White Fleet?
16 battleships that Theodore Roosevelt sent out as a show of force to keep trades good between Asia, Russia, and the U.S.
What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
Gave the U.S. the right to go into other countries if they couldn't handle their own problems.
What did Taft's "Dollar Diplomacy" accomplish?
Protection of business interests.
What happened during the Russian Revolution?
There were 2 revolutions in 1 year, the first one being in March where Tzar Nicholas II was overthrown.
What was "selective service"? (i.e. the Selective Service Act)
The draft.
What did African American soldiers mainly do during the Great War?
Supply work due to a lack of racial integration.
Who were Harlem's Hellfighters?
A group of African American soldiers during the Great War; half died.
How was the Great War financed?
Bonds; concept was spend less now, and the government will give you more back later.
What did the National War Labor Board do?
Handled Grievances.
What was the Ludlow Massacre?
Occurred in 1914 in Colorado; miners strike where an untrained National Guardsmen opened fire and killed many people, including a dozen children.
What was the Great Migration?
African Americans migrated to the northeast for job opportunities and less discrimination.
What was Marcus Garvey's black nationalism idea?
To get all African Americans to move back to Africa.
Why were Sacco and Vanzetti arrested?
For murder of someone with a payroll; supposedly accused for being Italian; one realy did commit the crime.
What was a source of the economic boom?
Assembly lines.
Who was the first person to fly across the Atlantic Ocean solo?
Charles Lindberg.
What is parity?
It meant that you would never make back less than you spend on your farm (a promise from the government).
What was "The Man Nobody Knows"?
A controversial book portraying Jesus as an ad marketer.
What was the first "talking" movie?
"The Jazz Singer" (1927)- stereotyped black people with face paint.
Describe the first radios.
They had vacuum tubes and had to be warmed up to work; families would listen to comedy hours together.
What was the Sheppard-Towner Act?
It was passed by Congress to help with child care, etc. (didn't help much)
What was the National Origins Act of 1924?
It set limits on the number of immigrants that could come into the U.S. from each country; halted immigrants from Asia, increase from Eastern Europe.
What was the "New" Ku Klux Klan like?
They had 4 million members in 1924, and they hated all other races.
What happened during the Scopes Monkey Trial?
John Scopes was asked to teach evolution to test the law, and he got arrested for it. Jennings was against him and Darrow (an agnostic) defended him.
Darrow was fined for contempt of court when he accused the court of being biased. Scopes was found guilty, and then the fine was dropped.
What was the main reason Al Smith lost the 1928 election to Herbert Hoover?
His religion; he was a Roman Catholic and concern was raised that his allegiance would be to the pope, not the country.
What is the concept of buying stocks on margin?
Brokers would lend money for stocks, and when they went up, people would repay them and keep the rest of the profit. When stocks went down, they still owed the broker.
What were some of the causes of the Great Depression?
Lack of diversification- only 2 big industries, automobiles and construction.
Maldistribution of wealth- small group of people that could afford to buy things.
Poor credit structure- farmers were in debt from technological investments. Banks were in trouble by not having enough for reimbursement.
Unstable international debt structure- we invested in other countries to stimulate their economy so that our allies could pay us back for goods provided during the war. When the U.S. could no longer invest, it halted this process.
Who were Okies?
people who came out to California; looked down upon by locals and viewed as "foreigners."
What happened during the Scottsboro Case?
9 young black men were arrested after they hopped on a train and were accused by a white woman of raping her. They went to prison, and it was later proven that they didn't do it and she was a "village slut".
What was "escapist programming" during the Depression?
Drama and comedy radio shows and President Roosevelt's fireside chats telling everyone things were going to be okay.
Ex: Orson Wells wrote War of the Worlds and when it was broadcast, people thought we were really being invaded by aliens.
Who was John Dos Passos?
He wrote about the problems with the U.S. (i.e. spiritually)
What happened during the Spanish Civil War?
It was led by the fascist General Franco, and he was supported by Hitler and Mussolini.
Americans fought with socialists against the fascists.
What happened with the Bonus Army?
Veterans were not receiving a promised $1,000 bonus. They demanded the bonus, and were denied.
They then camped out front of the white house and President Hoover ordered Douglas MacArthur to make them go away. MacArthur instead burned their camp down.
What illness did Franklin D. Roosevelt have?
Polio; there were no pictures taken of him in his wheelchair or on crutches so as not to make him look weak.
What was the Interegnum?
A banking crisis all over the world, especially in industrialized areas.
What were the parts of FDR's New Deal?
FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)
AAA
NRA
TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)
SEC (Security and Exchange Commission)
CWA (Civil Works Administration)
CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)
HOLC (Home Owner's Loan Corporation)
What was the purpose of the FDIC?
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation- the government will back your money in the banks up to $100,000.
What was the purpose of the AAA?
They told farmers how much crops to produce and paid them for the idle land (helped supply and demand)
The government made sure they would also get subsidized for production costs; basically farmers were bribed for not using their land.
How did FDR's idea of rural electricity help the U.S.?
It helped with communication and saved farmers time with other things that they could be spending on the farm.
What was the purpose of the TVA?
Tennessee Valley Authority- Build dams, bring electricity to states (mainly on the east coast)
What was the purpose of the SEC?
Security and Exchange Commission- oversaw the stock market; watched for insider trading issues.
What was the purpose of the CWA?
Civil Works Administration- gave people short term jobs to improve upon the country (helped 4,000,000 people)
What was the purpose of the CCC?
Civilian Conservation Corps- planted trees, worked on irrigation, built dams, etc. (helped people by giving them temporary jobs and helped the country at the same time)
What was the American Liberty League?
A group of rich people that were against FDR's New Deal programs.
What was the purpose of the Townsend Plan?
Everybody 60 years old and up would receive $200 a month, but they had to spend it.
Who was Huey Long?
A populist politician in Louisiana; didn't run for president and could have, but he was assassinated by a dentist.
What were the ideas behind the "Second New Deal"?
Holding Company Act- targeted monopolies.
Soaking the Rich- people wanted the rich to be taxed.
NLRB (National Labor Relations Board)
What was the CIO?
Congress of Industrial Organizations- included minorities and women.
What happened at the Washington Conference of 1921?
Hughs called this conference to have the countries agree on how much tonnage they could use on their ships.
What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
A pact signed by 62 nations in 1928; they agreed that war will not be used to solve problems. Germany signed this too, and it was obviously not enforced when they went against it.
What was the issue with Manchuria?
It sat on the northeast side of China; China and Japan argued over ownership, and Japanese expansion had been occurring already.
What was the purpose of the Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act?
An agreement for countries to cut tariffs by 50% on each other for imports and exports.
Why didn't the United States recognize the Soviet Union diplomatically as a legitimate country?
They were a communist country and their people were oppressed.
What was decided at the Inter-American Conference?
No state has the right to interfere with the affairs of another.
What were the Neutrality Acts?
They were passed in the 1930's and provided an arms embargo saying Americans were not to travel on the ships of other countries (i.e. Italy).
What happened to the Panay?
It was an American gunboat that was bombed by China; FDR didn't give any repercussions because it was a small incident and he didn't want to go into another war, so he accepted an apology from China.
What happened at the Munich Conference?
Hitler met with Neville Chamberlain and an agreement was reached where Germany took a strip of land in Czechoslovakia, as long as they didn't take any more of their land.
In 1939, Hitler ended up invading the rest of Czechoslovakia anyway.
What is the concept of cash-and-carry?
As long as other countries paid for non-military items, the U.S. would sell it to them (even to Germany).
How did the fall of France occur?
Germany and Italy tag teamed France from both directions and a puppet government was established.
What was the "lend-lease" idea?
The U.S. "lent" ships to Great Britain during the war.
What was the purpose of the Atlantic Charter?
Churchill and Roosevelt met and signed it to declare that the Nazis must be destroyed.
What was the Tripartite Pact?
Japan, Germany, and Italy- all on the same side but from different parts of the world.
Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor?
The United States had cut off supplies to Japan.
What was the purpose of the Office of Price Administration?
People were given ration cards so we didn't run out of supplies (i.e. gas and food)
What was the FEPC?
Fair Employment Practices Commission
What was CORE?
Congress of Racial Equality
What was the Manhattan Project?
The building of the atomic bomb.
What happened at Yalta in regards to Poland?
The Soviet Union gained some land within Poland (they wanted control over some neighboring countries so they didn't get attacked again).
What happened at Yalta in regards to Germany?
In order to prevent Germany from taking over, the idea was presented to separate Germany into 4 sections, and Berlin into 4 sections.
What happened at the Potsdam Conference?
President Truman said the Soviet Union would get land in Poland; also, the Soviet Union could only get money returned from Germany to them from the one "sector" they occupied.
Who was Chiang Kai-Shek?
Chinese leader; tyrant, forced to abandon China and go to Taiwan.
What was the Truman Doctrine?
It stated that the United States would provide aid for any people being subjugated; food and non-military supplies were given.
What 3 things were established through the National Security Act of 1947?
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)
DOD (Department of Defense)
NSA (National Security Agency)
What was the purpose of the Berlin Airlift?
Stalin blockaded West Berlin; for 10 months, the U.S. provided all necessities of living to them by plane.
What was the purpose of NATO?
An attempt to prevent the Soviet Union from attacking countries.
What did Truman's Fair Deal provide?
Social security expansion, higher minimum wage, scientific research.
What was the Truman-MacArthur Controversy?
MacArthur jumped the chain of command, so Truman fired him.
What was HUAC?
House of Un-American Activities Committee- found communist spies.
What was the 5th Amendment?
No more witnessing for yourself to avoid saying incriminating things.
What happened during the Rosenberg Case?
A couple was thought to be "set up" and tried for treason, and sentenced to death. Their 2 sons fought to prove their innocence for years.
The husband was later proven to have sold secrets to the Soviet Union when papers were found.
What did McCarthy do?
He lied and said he had lists of communists but never said who (did it for the fame).
Lost credibility when he was caught.
What caused Eisenhower to hire Nixon during the Election of 1952?
Eisenhower didn't like Nixon, but he hired him because he was anticommunist and that looked good.