Modals

Front 1

would I would study for hours /I would wake up early/I used to work out every week / (be used to) I'm used to living alone he is used to walking every weekend (get used to ) I'm getting used to waking up early( in the prosses) ( 'used to' + infinitive and 'be' or 'get used to' + '-ing') (Use a comma with an introductory phrase to set it apart from the main sentence.Introductory phrases are not complete clauses and are used to introduce the main part of the sentence.If the phrase is three words or less, the comma is optional.Examples: On December 25, many families will celebrate Christmas in America.Or On December 25 many families will celebrate Christmas in America./In about two weeks, I will finally be 18 years old./To prepare for the competition, Tim surfed every day.) In the past, I used to play with my friends ( I would play with my friends ) //// I'm used to walking one hour every weekend or I walk one hour every week end/ p...simple /// ( I used to want to be a lawyer but then I realised how hard they work!How's Boston? Are you used to the cold weather yet?No matter how many times I fly, I'll never get used to take-off and landing!)(She's used to the city now and doesn't get lost any more.He wasn't used to walking so much and his legs hurt after the hike.I'm a teacher so I'm used to speaking in public.)(We use get used to to talk about the process of becoming familiar with something. I'm finding this new job hard but I'm sure I'll get used to it soon.It took my mother years to get used to living in London after moving from Pakistan.I'm getting used to the noise now. I found it really stressful when I first moved in.) I'm used to it now or already. I'll get used to that. I get used to it( I remember meeting my best friend when I was little --- he needs to remember to finish his homework before 4 o'clock please don't forget to remember me to call her he needs to remember to make the cheques

Back 1

past refusal in negative form /I'm sorry my car wouldn't start /I tried to speak to you many times but you wouldn't care // future past /he told me that he would call you that day/you promised you would help me/you promised you would pay us on 15 on Sunday // polit offers and requests/ would like a glass of water / to drink some thing //would you help me to carry my bag /would you do a favour for me (3c/if I had known that you need me,I would have helped you😉/ had asked me I would have guide you /had known her I would have let her meet you/ had listened to me you would have won// 2c / I would buy it if I had a lot of money / if I had enough money I would start my own business /I would marry her if I had... if you were with me now I would do lots / if I were you I would kill my self 1c/I will come to you if you tell me the address / I will help you if you tell me the truth /unless you pay I will not supply any more // would have +pp I would have lived in Paris but it was too expensive /several times I would have work in a big firm but I didn't have the luck) (any more any longer (Br) anymore anylonger (AM) no longer at the end of the sentence (formal) middle of the sentence ( she doesn't live her any more or any longer ...Mary doesn't live here any more or Mary no longer lives here ....... unless you pay we can't supply any more ..... we wil not supply any longer ..... (and you no longer engage/That one day in your life, you will no longer be passionate.

Front 2

present wish //I wish I were rich /I had a lot of money /I knew you from a long time /I wish I were you /I could fly /I could swim /I could pay // past wish // I wish I had listened to you / I hadn't bought a lot of unnecessary things I wasted all my money/ one day you are gonna say I wish I had listened to you //future wish would +Base verb I wish he would stop 😠/I wish it would rain any time soon////(I hope you have a good day!I hope you do really well on the test.I hope we have a lot of fun at the party.I hope he finds what he’s looking for.///////I hope you had a great time at the party.I hope you found the building you were looking for.I hope she got the new job.////“I hope to find love.”“I hope I get a good TOEFL score.”“I hope you enjoyed the show.”//// I hope you had a good time at the party last nightI haven’t looked outside yet. I hope it’s not raining.I hope you have a great day.I hope you’re not going to go to the movie without me.I hope my boss will give me a promotion this year.I hope my boss gives me a promotion this year.

(We use the verb wish or the phrase if only to talk about things which we want but which are not possible) After I/he/she/it, we can use were instead of was:I wish I was/were taller.John wishes he wasn't/weren't so busy.I'm freezing. If only it wasn't/weren't so cold.(We use past tense modals would and could to talk about wishes for the future:I don't like my work. I wish I could get a better job.That's a dreadful noise. I wish it would stop.I always have to get home early. If only my parents would let me stay out later.)

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Back 2

was were supposed to / going to // you was supposed to call me/I was supposed to send the report //you were supposed to deposit the cheque //we were supposed to meet you yesterday // you were supposed to send me an email When we are talking about hypotheses, we use expressions like

what if ...incase ...suppose(that)supposing (that)imagine (if/that (with present tense forms to talk about the present or future if we think something is likely to be true or to happen) We should phone them in case they are lost.Those steps are dangerous. Suppose someone has an accident.(with past tense forms to talk about the present or future to suggest something is not likely to be true or to happen ( Imagine you won the lottery. What would you do with the money?What if he lost his job? What would happen then? (with the past perfect to talk about things in the past which did not happe ) Suppose you hadn't passed your exams. What would you have done?What if he had lost his job? What would his wife have said? (need aux (most common in negative or question) present / you needn't ask my permission /you needn't help to do that /need we wait any longer? /need we stay a little ?// past / need +have +pp you needn't have waited for them /yes but I didn't mange !!!)

Front 3

should to descrip what is likely to happen in the future /he should be here in 5 minutes /the weather should be nice tomorrow/ it should be credited in our account !!

Back 3

should have +pp you should have studied more /you needn't have waited them/ you should have left /////to say thank you // I got you some staff from Paris oh you shouldn't have

Front 4

could present possibility it could be a bus /he could be Mr Ahmed/future it could be danger take care /it could be hot becareful //past could have +pp I could have bought a new car but I decided to save my money /you could have helped me but you didn't /you could have asked me /you could have done it but you did not /I could have been a doctor rich /you could have cleaned the room

Back 4

suggestion I could help / I could explain them to you if you want /I could solve it /I could do it for you ////permission could I borrow your phone please /could you carry my bag please /could you help me please ///indirect can become could /ability in the past can become could ***possibility on a particular occasion was/were +able to or manage /i was able to find some useful books in the library /i was not able to leave I didn't manage! ********sensetion in the past I could smell taste see hear touch //mental process I could belive remember think understand

Front 5

must obligation and nessity in the present and future //you must answer them I must talk to you about the prices we must deposit the it before Sunday we must pay at ****past had to I had to help him in had to study hard

Back 5

deductions conclusion present you must be tired /you must be happy 😊 //past must have +pp he must have missed the bus ////rules laws، hard hates must be worn all the times //Invitations and encouragement you must come with us you must try it ///criticis must you always leave the light on *******passive may might can could must have to need to ought to be supposed to be able to present be +pp past have been +pp

Front 6

would yoy like to register now. I would like coffee please. I would rather coffee. can you help me please would you. help me please would you help me carry my bags please. can I help you .could I help .could I explain.could I do it. shall we go may I help you may I go to the bath .will you print it out please .will you call him please.

Back 6

you must send that report by 3.you have to wait .you must follow the instructions he had to leave .she has to apply quickly .you had better meet him .you hadn't to to assist him. you must not leave without permission.you ought to know that.you ought practice more.you don't have to wait.do I have to wait? dose she has to wait for you?.do we have to call them.you should come early .you should help .should we invited them.should we go now.should we wait any more.you should talk to him.you need not ask my permission. you needn't wait my invitation. need I wait any more any longer .need I resend it again.

Hint 6

t

Front 7

you shouldn't have /you should have studied hard you should have asked me /you should have waited /you should have informed us /ordered/you should have reserved /you should have called her / I would have helped but she refused / I would have travelled but I didn't find any trip I couldn't reserve /I would have done but she prevented me/// I could have waited but I chose to leave /I could have left but I chose to stay/ he must have missed the bus / you must have forgot the date// you needn't have waited for them /you needn't have asked him /dealed with him/

Back 7

I wish I were you /I wish I could help I wish I were rich I wish I had winges to flu to you /I wish I had listened to you I wish I hadn't bought a lot of things I wish I hadn't join I wish I had join. I wish I would be a doctor I wish I would help ////if you tell me I will help I will be happy ///if I were rich I would marry you if I had a wings I would fly to Paris //if had known I would have stoped/if you had listen you would have won

Hint 7

you are supposed to be there now / I am supposed to be sleeping now / I was supposed to be in Egypt you were supposed to be there before Monday /you were going to leave yesterday I was going to call you

Front 8

indirect speech present to past ***past continuous to past continuous ****past past prefect present prefect to past prefect ***past continuous to past prefect continuous ****future future continuous will to be would (conditional)*** modals not change **** reporting and orders (to cause+ Base verb) //requests for object (asked for +object)// suggestions, suggest recommend demand request propose (that cause )and (should optional)

Back 8

today that day ****yesterday the day before ***the day before yesterday tow days ago ***tomorrow next day the following day ***the day after tomorrow two days later ****last week month year the pervious week month year ****next week month year the following week month year***ago before ***time this that ****this that adjectives the ***here there

Hint 8

Indirect passive formed as the same rules

Front 9

he said that he would call you on Monday, at 6 o'clock,the following day*he said that it hadn't been him mistake (it wasn't him mistake)*they said that they were busy(they are busy)*he said that he was sick(I am sick)*he said that he was sleeping,he said that he had been eating when they came * she said she had been showering when you called* she told me that he was writing.i said to him that I would be waiting for him.*they explained that they had been busy* he complained that no body assisted him

Back 9

order advice warn tell instruct invite ask teach **** he ordered you to give him the cheque/he ordered me to greet you 😀.they warned us to pay on time.he asked you to be quiet a little. I advised him to be honest. they instructed us to.........he invited you to attend the meeting...he orders me to stop smoking.***** request for object .he asked for help.for some of suger. three kilos of onion .papers.advice..******

Hint 9

if or whether verbs ask know remember see say ****do you speak en ^he asked if I spoke en..he asked whether I was Syrian or Egyptian ...he wants to know ..they want to know whether we sent the the cheque to the bank or not .whether we deposited the cheque or not....he asked if I had been to Oman before....she wants to know whether we accepted cash or not...*did you finish the report..he asked whether I finished the report**** where are the documents ...he asked where was the documents... what Ahmed did he asked what Ahmed had done.what Ahmed did...have you got the cheque. he asked if I had gotten the cheque.. he asked if you could meet him now .or tomorrow..

Front 10

that clause and should optional***suggest recommend demand propse request prefer advise.**he suggested that I should meet you .they suggested postponing the meeting

..they recommended using a different way. he proposed that we should examine the budget carefuly. .he suggested that I should sleep over night at his house.

Back 10

that verbs ******add admit agree announce answer argue boast claimcomment complain conrm consider deny say see doubt estimate explain fear feel insistmention observe persuade propose remark remember repeat reply report reveal say state suggest suppose tell think understand warn

Hint 10

indirect passive with same rules. the cheque was deposited the cheque had been deposited

Front 11

indricet hopes intentions promises to plus inf or verb or that plus would

Back 11

he promised to pay us on time .that he would pay on time..he would pay on time .he hoped to arrive on time that he would arrive.. they threatened they would refer the matter to them Lawers that they would refer ... ....he swore not to tell any one ...