Modalaties Exam 1

Front 1

4 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

Back 1

1. Redness
2. Heat
3. Swelling
4. Pain

Front 2

Function of the Inflammatory Response

Back 2

Brings in phagocytes to destroy bacteria and rid dead/dying tissue so repair ca begin

Front 3

Meissner Corpuscles

Back 3

light pressure & vibration

Front 4

Pacinian Corpuscles

Back 4

deep pressure

Front 5

Ruffini Corpuscles

Back 5

skin: touch, tension, temperature
joint: positional change

Front 6

Pain Receptors, Nociceptors & free nerve endings

Back 6

Mechanical stress, thermal, chemical

Front 7

Pain Control: Specific Theory

Back 7

each receptor responds to a specific stimuli.
propagation on specific pathway to & from the spinal cord & brain

Front 8

Pain Control: Pattern Theory

Back 8

AP coding determines how sensation's interpreted by the brain

Front 9

Gate Control theory

Back 9

A-delta and/or C fibers are stimulated due to irritation
-->Substance P released.
Synaptic transmission of AP depends on substance P. Pain message synapses in the thalamus & is interpreted in the posterior centraly gyrus

A-Beta fibers are stimulated by modalaties:
larger axon & more myelinated
reach dorsal horn faster than A-delta or C. Inhibit T-cells & close the gate

Front 10

Factors Influencing Magnitude of Tissue Temp. Response

Back 10

1. Temp difference between skin & object
2. Time of exposure
3. Thermal Conductivity (muscle>fat)
4. Type of agent (ice vs. commercial ice pack)

Front 11

Indications for Cryotherapy (8)

Back 11

1. edema control
2. hemorrhage &/or contusion
3. immediate or acute sprins & strains
4. immediate or acute tendonitis, bursitis, tenosynovitis, synovitis, arthritis
5. immediate or acute muscle hypertoncity
6. spacticity
7. Myofacial Pain Syndrome
8. Pain Management

Front 12

Precautions for Cryotherapy (3)

Back 12

1. Hypertension (monitor >165/95mmHG)
2. RSD
3. Areas of decreased sensation

Front 13

Contraindications for Cryotherapy (6)

Back 13

1. Raynauds Phenomenon
2. Buerger's Disease
3. Hx. Frostbite
4. Hx. Problems with cold (ex. allergy)
5. Severe CV or Respiratory Problems
6. Decreased circulation - PVD, Arterial insufficiency, diabetes

Front 14

Indications for Heat (6)

Back 14

1. Subacute or chronic: sprains, strains, muscle spasms, tendonitis, bursitis, tenosynovitis
2. Pain Management
3. Myofacial Pain
4. Adhesive Capsulitis or Jt. Contracture
5. Promote Relaxation
6. Decrease skin impedance

Front 15

Precautions for Heat (2)

Back 15

1. DVT
2. Moderate - Severe PVD

Front 16

Contraindications for Heat (10)

Back 16

1. Acute injury/inflammation
2. Decreased sensation
3. Scar areas
4. skin infection / open wounds
5. Dementia
6. skin/lymphatic cancer
7. Hypertension (160/90)
8. Hemophelia
9. long term steriod use
10. over area of liniment application

Front 17

Indications for Ultrasound (10)

Back 17

1. subacute & chronic soft tissue inflammation (thermal)
2. jt contracture
3. muscle spasm
4. neuroma
5. loosen scar tissue
6. trigger points
7. plantar warts
8. Acute Injury (non-thermal)
9. bone healing (non-thermal)
10. tissue repair

Front 18

Contraindications for Ultrasound (15)

Back 18

1. Epiphyses of growing bone
2. Myositis ossificans
3. fx site before healing
4. area of hemorrhage
5. over pelvis or LB during pregnancy
6. over heard or eyes
7. ischemic areas
8. cancer
9. active infection
10. anesthetic areas
11. over spinal cord
12. rheumatologic areas
13. over cemented prosthesis
14. over site of insulin injection
15. over make-up

Front 19

Indications for Traction (7)

Back 19

1. Nerve root impingement
2. HNP
3. Stenosis
4. hypomobility of facet or impingement
5. subacute or chronic jt pain
6. subacute or chrnoic muscle hypertonicity
7. any condition relieved by widening spaces of vertebral foramen

Front 20

Precautions for Traction (6)

Back 20

1. hypertension
2. claustrophobia
3. traction anxiety
4. TMJ (avoid chin strap)
5. Pregnancy (cervical)
6. Obesity

Front 21

Contraindications for Traction (11)

Back 21

1. known jt. instability
2. recent fusion
3. unstabel spondolothesis
4. spinal infection
5. malignancy of spine
6. evidence of cord pressure
7. RA
8. Acute inflammation
9. cardiac/respiratory problems
10. hiatal hernia
11. pregnancy (lumbar)

Front 22

FDA has approved infrared for:

Back 22

1. decreasing pain
2. increasing blood flow

Front 23

Degrees of Flexion and Poundage for cervical traction at C1-C2

Back 23

Flexion: 0-5 degrees
Poundage: 10lbs

Front 24

Degrees of Flexion and Poundage for cervical traction at C3-C4

Back 24

Flexion: 10-20 degrees
Poundage: 10-15lbs

Front 25

Degrees of Flexion and Poundage for cervical traction at C5-C7

Back 25

Flexion: 25-30 degrees
Poundage: 15-40lbs

Front 26

Average pounds needed to overcome the weight of the head

Back 26

12-14lbs

Front 27

Lumbar hip flexion for L5-S1

Back 27

45-60degrees

Front 28

Lumbar hip flexion for L4-L5

Back 28

60-75degrees

Front 29

Lumbar Hip flexion for L3-L4

Back 29

75-90degrees

Front 30

Recommended Poundage for lumbar traction

Back 30

initial: 1/3 body weight
goal: 1/2 body weight

Front 31

Duration of traction for HNP or hypertonicity

Back 31

static 5-8min

prolonged intermittent: <10min of 3:1 (60sec on 30 sec off)

Front 32

Duration of traction for stenosis, DDD, or Facet problems

Back 32

intermittened 1:1 hold and rest
10-20min

Front 33

Coefficient of Friction

Back 33

=0.5 for human body
means requires 1/4 body weight to distract in lumbar spine

Front 34

Depth of ultrasound 1.0MHz

Back 34

5mm

Front 35

depth of Ultrasound 3.0Mhz

Back 35

2.5mm

Front 36

Grotthuss Draper Law

Back 36

different wave lenghts produce different effects

extent of effects depends on ammount of energy absorbed by the tissue

Front 37

Inverse Square Law

Back 37

intensity of wave varies inversly with square of distance between the source of energy and the absorbing tissue

Front 38

Cosine Law

Back 38

max absorption occurs when the source is at a right angle to the absorbing tissue

Front 39

Bunsen Roscoe Law of Riciprocity

Back 39

intensity and duration of a dose of radiant energy are inversely proportional

Front 40

Capacitance Diathermy

Back 40

electric field > magnetic field

fat, skin, collagen

Front 41

Inductance Diathermy

Back 41

magnetic field > eletric field

Blood, muscle

Front 42

Dosages for Diathermy

Back 42

Dose 1: no sensation of heat
Dose 2: mild heating sensatin
Does 3: moderate (pleasant) heating
Does 4: vigorous heating, tolerable below pain threshold

Front 43

Minimum pressure to overcome resting capillary pressure

Back 43

30-35mmHG

Front 44

max recommented pressure for compression treatment

Back 44

diastolic BP - 10mmHg

Front 45

Non-thermal effects of Diathermy

Back 45

1. Increase blood flow
2. decrease edema