Mnt - Exam 1

Front 1

What foods are high in K+?

Back 1

dark leafy greens, tomatoes, potatoes, oranges (*citrus foods)

Front 2

When does water intoxication happen?

Back 2

when excess water increases intracellular volume and dilutes body fluids.
* intake of h20 in excess of body's ability to excrete

Front 3

How can water intoxication be fatal?

Back 3

can cause cells, especially brain cells, to swell. low levels of the electrolytes (Na+ and K+)

Front 4

Where are osmoreceptors located?

Back 4

in the hypothalamus of the brain

Front 5

what is the role of osmoreceptors?

Back 5

regulates water; they detect changes in concentration of particles in the blood - too high = dehydration sign

Front 6

what is the role of the kidneys in water regulation in the body?

Back 6

regulate ADH ( anti-diuretic hormone) to resorb more H20; increase the conc of urine to retain more h20

Front 7

Where is intracellular water held?

Back 7

within cells (2/3 total body water)

Front 8

where is extracellular water held?

Back 8

in the plasma, lymph, spinal fluid, and secretions (1/3 body water / 20% body weight)

Front 9

where is intercellular water held?

Back 9

between and around cells

Front 10

What are common causes of respiratory acidosis?

Back 10

COPD, emphysema, asthma, sleep apnea

Front 11

How do kidneys respond to respiratory acidosis?

Back 11

increase absorption of base ( bicarbonate - HCO3)

Front 12

what is respiratory acidosis?

Back 12

retention of CO2 by the lungs (hypo ventilation)

Front 13

What is respiratory alkalosis?

Back 13

loss of carbonic acid (H2CO3) due to hyperventilation

Front 14

What are common causes of respiratory alkalosis?

Back 14

excessive exercise, anxiety, pneumonia, head injury

Front 15

how do the kidneys respond to respiratory alkalosis?

Back 15

kidneys excrete (base) bicarbonate

Front 16

how does metabolic acidosis happen?

Back 16

kidneys excrete too much base (bicarb)
kidneys produce or retain too much H+

Front 17

What are common causes of metabolic acidosis?

Back 17

uncontrolled diabetes, starvation, high fat or low CHO diet,

Front 18

How do the lungs respond to metabolic acidosis?

Back 18

lungs increase breathing to expel CO2

Front 19

How does metabolic alkalosis happen?

Back 19

kidneys retain too much base or by the loss of H+ due to the loss of acid

Front 20

what are common causes of metabolic alkalosis?

Back 20

diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea, sepsis, increased ingestion of alkaline foods

Front 21

how do the lungs respond to metabolic alkalosis?

Back 21

lungs slow breathing down to retain more CO2 to increase carbonic acid

Front 22

What is the normal pH range in the body?

Back 22

7.35-7.45

Front 23

What are normal pCO2 levels?

Back 23

35-45

Front 24

what are normal HCO3 levels?

Back 24

24-28

Front 25

what reflects nutrition adequacy in children?

Back 25

height gain

Front 26

what anthropometric measurement in children reflects recent nutritional intake?

Back 26

weight gain

Front 27

What is the normal BMI range?

Back 27

18.5-24.9

Front 28

What measurement is used for infants (0-3 years)?

Back 28

recumbent length

Front 29

What are the BMI ranges for underweight, overweight, obese and morbid obese?

Back 29

underweight: <18.5
overweight: 25 - 29.9
obese class 1: 30-34.9
obese class 2: 35-39.9
morbid obese: >40

Front 30

How do you calculate BMI?

Back 30

wt (kg) / ht (m2)

Front 31

how do you calculate % weight change?

Back 31

(UBW - ABW) / UBW x 100%

Front 32

what is the minimum %UBW for survival?

Back 32

48-55% UBW

Front 33

What parameters define significant wt change for 1, 3 and 6 months?

Back 33

1 month: 5% loss
3 months: 7.5% loss
6 months: 10% loss

Front 34

What % unintended wt loss reflects severe malnutrition for 1 wk, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year?

Back 34

1 week: > 2%
1 month: > 5%
3 months: >7.5%
6 months: >10%
1 year: >20%

Front 35

what calculations define degrees of malnutritoin?

Back 35

% UBW and significant wt loss

Front 36

what degress of malnutrition are defined by %UBW for mild, moderate, and severe malnut?

Back 36

85-90% UBW: mild
75-84% UBW: moderate
< 74% UBW: severe

Front 37

What are the + acute phase respondants?

Back 37

CRP - c-reactive protein

Front 38

What do high levels of CRP indicate?

Back 38

inflammation, trauma, and stress
* increase in acute trauma/ illness - rise in first 4-6 hours

Front 39

What do decreasing / low levels of CRP indicate?

Back 39

the body is in an anabolic state and so is healing and getting better

Front 40

What are the (-) acute phase respondants?

Back 40

albumin
transferrin
prealbumin (transthyretin)
retinol-binding protein (RBP)

Front 41

When do the negative acute phase repsondants decrease?

Back 41

in acute trauma / illness

Front 42

What are the half lives of albumin, transferritin, prealbumin, and RBP?

Back 42

albumin: 20 -21 days (3 wks)
transferritin: 8-10 days
prealbumin: 2 days
RBP: 12 hours

Front 43

What is microcytic anemia most often associated with?

Back 43

iron deficiency

Front 44

What is macrocytic anemia generally cause by?

Back 44

B12 or folate deficiency; pernicious anemia

Front 45

What labs are included in a BMP - basal metabolic panel?

Back 45

glucose
calcium
sodium
potassium
chloride
creatinine
CO2
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Front 46

What labs are included in a CMP - comprehensive metabolic panel?

Back 46

BMP test AND
albumin
total protein
bilirubin
alkaline phosphate (ALP)
alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
aspatate aminotransferase (AST)

Front 47

What labs are included in a CBC - complete blood count?

Back 47

RBC's and WBC's
Hgb and Hct
MCV- mean cell volume
MCH - mean cell Hgb
MCHC - mean cell Hgb conc

Front 48

how is albumin used in nutrition assessment?

Back 48

low albumin = inadequate protein intake and poor nutrition
(-) acute phase respondant - high in trauma or illness