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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HLA-DR genetic predisposition immune disease :
HLA-DR |
HLA-DR:
Hashimoto's disease Leukemia/ Lupus Autoimmune adrenalitis/ Anemia (pernicious) Diabetes insipidous Rheumatoid arthritis |
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HLA-B27 associated diseases
PAIR: |
PAIR:
Psoriasis Ankylosing spondylitis Inflammatory bowel disease Reiter's syndrome |
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Goodpasture's Syndrome components
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GoodPasture is Glomerulonephritis and Pnuemonitits.
· From autoantibodies attacking Glomerular and Pulmonary basement membranes. |
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Lupus signs and symptoms
SOAP BRAIN: |
SOAP BRAIN:
Serositis [pleuritis, pericarditis] Oral ulcers Arthritis Photosensitivity Blood [all are low - anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia] Renal [protein] ANA Immunologic [DS DNA, etc.] Neurologic [psych, seizures] |
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SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) diagnosis "MD SOAP 'N HAIR":
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"MD SOAP 'N HAIR":
Malar rash Discoid rash Serositis Oral ulcer Arthritis Photosensitivity Neurologic abnormality Hematologic abnormality ANA (+) Immunologic abnormality Renal involvement |
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Sjogren syndrome: morphology
"Jog through the MAPLES": |
"Jog through the MAPLES":
· Sjogren is: Mouth dry Arthritis Parotid enlarged Lymphoma Eyes dry Sicca (primary) or Secondary |
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Immunoglobulins, and order B cells present them
MADGE: |
IgM IgA IgD IgG IgE
· Order of presentation by B cells (which is made first, IgD or IgM?) B cells present IgM primarily, and then IgD. Just remember why all of us are going through this pain...to become M.D's. For a B cell to be competent, it must get its MD. · Finally, by the same rule, B cells must first release M then G immunoglobulin on primary exposure. Alternatively: IgM is Immediate |
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Immunoglobulins: which crosses the placenta
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IgG crosses the placenta during Gestation.
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MHC: loci creating class I vs. II
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Class 1 has 1 letter: HLA I is HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C. Class 2 has 2 letters: HLA II is HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR.
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Celiac sprue features
CELIAC: |
CELIAC:
Cell-mediated autoimmune disease European descent Lymphocytes in Lamina propria/ Lymphoma risk Intolerance of gluten (wheat) Atrophy of villi in small intestine/ Abnormal D-xylose test Childhood presentation · Atrophied villi cause less absorption, so diarrhea, weight loss, less energy. |
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Paget's disease of bone: signs and symptoms Four L's
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Larger hat size
Loss of hearing: due to compression of nerve Leontiasis ossea (lion-like face) Light-headed (Paget's steal) |
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Wernicke-Korsakoff triad Syndrome in alchoholics, who love to "drink CANs of beer":
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Confusion
Ataxia Nystagmus |
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Wernicke-Korsakoff's psychosis: findings COAT RACK:
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· Wernicke's encephalopathy (acute phase):
Confusion Ophthalmoplegia Ataxia Thiamine tx. · Korsakoff's psychosis (chronic phase): Retrograde amnesia Anterograde amnesia Confabulation Korsakoff's psychosis |
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Duchenne vs. Becker Muscular Dystrophy Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) :
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Doesn't Make Dystrophin.
Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD): Badly Made Dystrophin (a truncated protein). |
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Parkinsonism: essential features TRAPS:
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Tremor (resting tremor)
Rigidity Akinesia Postural changes (stooped) Stare (serpentine stare) · To remember what kind of tremor and postural change, can look at letter that follows in TRAPS: Tremor is Resting, Posture is Stooped. |
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McArdle's syndrome MCARDLES:
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Myoglobinuria
Cramping after exercise Accumulated glycogen Recessive inheritance Deficiency of muscle phosphorylase Lactate levels fail to rise Elevated creatine kinase Skeletal muscle only |
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Rheumatoid arthritis: features RHEUMATOID:
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Ragocytes/ Rheumatoid factor (anti-IgG)
HLA-DR4/ HLA-Dw4 ESR increase/ Extra-articular features (restrictive lung disease, subcutaneous nodules) Ulnar deviation Morning stiffness/ MCP joint Ankylosis/ Atlantoaxial joint subluxation/ Autoimmune/ ANA T-cells (CD4)/ TNF Osteopenia Inflammatory synovial tissue/ Idiopathic/ IL-1 Deformities (swan-neck, boutonniere) |
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Lou Gehrig's is both upper and lower motor neuron signs LoU
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LoU = Lower & Upper.
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Pick's disease: location, action, epidemiology
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Pick axes are Picking away at the old woman's cerebral cortex, causing cortical atrophy.
2 pick axes on her brain: frontal lobe and anterior 1/3 of temporal. An old woman, since epidemiology is elderly & more common in women. |
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Kwashiorkor: distinguishing from Marasmus FLAME:
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Fatty Liver
Anemia Malabsorption Edema |
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Hemolytic anemia types SHEEP TIT:
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Sickle cell
Heriditary spherocytosis Enzyme deficiencies: [G6P, pyruvate kinase] Erythroblastosis fetalis Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Trauma to RBCs Immunohemolytics: [warm Ab, cold Ag] Thalassemias: [alpha, beta] |
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Alzheimer's disease: features RONALD (Ronald Reagan, a famous victim):
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Reduction of Ach
Old age Neurofibrillary tangles Atrophy of cerebral cortex (diffuse) Language impairment Dementia (MC in elderly)/ Down’s syndrom |
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Gout: major features GOUT:
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Great toe
One joint (75% monoarticular) Uric acid increased (hence urolithiasis) Tophi |
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CREST sydrome: components CREST:
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Calcinosis
Raynaud's phenomena Esophageal dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangectasia |
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Common cold: viral causes
"Common cold (acute infectious rhinitis, coryza) is PRIMArily caused by": |
Paramyxoviruses
Rhinoviruses Influenza viruses Myxoviruses Adenoviruses |
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RNA viruses: negative stranded
"Orthodox Rhabbi's Party Around Fine Bunnies": |
Orthomyxo
Rhabdo Paramyxo Arena Filo Bunya |
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RNA viruses: positive stranded
"Pico Called Flavio To Return Renzo's Corona": |
Picorna Calici Flavi Toga Retro Reo Corona
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DNA viruses: morphology rule of thumbDNA:
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Double-stranded
Nuclear replication 'Anhedral symmetry Rule breakers: pox (cytoplasmic), parvo (single-stranded). |
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Kidney transplant virus
"Borrowed Kidney": |
"Borrowed Kidney":
BK virus is associated with kidney transplants. |
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Influenza infection: clinical manifestations
"Having Flu Symptoms Can Make Moaning Children A Nightmare": |
Headache
Fever Sore throat Chills Myalgias Malaise Cough Anorexia Nasal congestion |
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Picornavirus: features PICORNAvirus:
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Positive sense
ICOsahedral RNA virus |
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Hepatitis: oral-fecal transmitted types "A$$ Eaters":
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· Types A and E by oral-fecal route.
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Ribavirin: indications RIBAvirin:
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RSV
Influenza B Arenaviruses (Lassa, Bolivian, etc.) |
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Hypertension: treatment ABCD:
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ACE inhibitors/ AngII antagonists (sometimes Alpha agonists also) Beta blockers
Calcium antagonists Diuretics |
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Ca++ channel blockers: uses CA++ MASH:
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Cerebral vasospasm/ CHF
Angina Migranes Atrial flutter, fibrillation Supraventricular tachycardia Hypertension · Alternatively: "CHASM": Cererbral vasospasm / CHF Hypertension Angina Suprventricular tachyarrhythmia Migranes |
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Diuretics:
thiazides: indications "CHIC to use thiazides": |
CHF
Hypertension Insipidous Calcium calculi |
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Antiarrhythmics: classification
I to IV MBA College · In order of class I to IV: |
· In order of class I to IV:
Membrane stabilizers (class I) Beta blockers Action potential widening agents Calcium channel blockers |
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Torsades de Pointes: drugs causing APACHE:
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Amiodarone
Procainamide Arsenium Cisapride Haloperidol Eritromycin |
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K+ increasing agents K-BANK:
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K-sparing diuretic
Beta blocker ACEI NSAID K supplement |
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Lupus: drugs inducing it HIP:
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Hydralazine
INH Procanimide |
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Amiodarone: action, side effects 6 P's:
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Prolongs action potential duration
Photosensitivity Pigmentation of skin Peripheral neuropathy Pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited -> hypothyroidism |
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Propythiouracil (PTU):
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Mechanism It inhibits PTU:
Peroxidase/ Peripheral deiodination Tyrosine iodination Union (coupling) |
