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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Several features of Egyptian character throughout the ancient period have been ascribed to the valley's geography, including which of the following?
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sense of timelessness
obsessive sense of alternation between life and death tendency for political factionalization between Delta and Valley |
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Egyptian land surveys were conducted (p. 6)
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by priests
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The Egyptian pharaoh was considered to be divine (p. 5)
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in that it was believed he actually was a god
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During the Pharaonic period, rain fell in the Egyptian Nile valley (p. 5)
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rarely if at all
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Lake Nasser (p. 5)
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was created in the XXth century through the construction of a dam
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The Nile flows from south to north, so sailing in that direction is easy. However to use actual sails on the river, one needs to adjust for the fact that the wind blows (p. 7)
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from north to south
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In late Paleolithic times, roughly 12,000 to 6,000, the Sahara was (p. 9)
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a grassland
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Bodies surviving from prehistoric and early historic times in Egypt (p. 9)
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show little physical variation
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According to the myth of Osiris, he (Select two. p. 10)
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was murdered by his brother Seth
taught the world agriculture |
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The term "Red Land" was used by the Egyptians to refer to (p. 11)
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the desert
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Badari, from which we get the term "Badarian," was (pp. 11ff)
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a town in Upper Egypt
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The Badarians were succeeded by about 3800 BC or so by developments that involved (p. 12)
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immigrants from the desert
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According to the pottery sequence, which of the following is earliest? (p. 13)
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Badarian
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At Nekhen a kiln was found that was used to produce "Plum Red Ware," which the excavator describes as a kind of "powerfactual" pottery, meaning that it (p. 14)
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used by elites
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t Nekhen a kiln was found that was used to produce "Plum Red Ware," an index artifact of the (p. 14)
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Naqada I (Amratian)
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For archaeologists, the word "mace" refers to (p. 14)
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a weapon
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Nekhen seems to have been a producer of goods traded over a wide network, a commerce that provided the basis, according to the excavator, for (pp. 15)
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population growth
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Finds in Delta sites suggest trade with (p. 16)
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Palestine
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Naqada II (Gerzean) tombs sometimes depict what appear to be boats with poles surmounted by bumps. Egyptologists suspect that these may represent (p. 16)
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territorial symbols
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According to Manetho, the unifier of Egypt was (p. 18)
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Menes
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The Palette of Narmer is so called because it (pp. 19)
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takes the form of a dish used to grind minerals
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Some Egyptologists identify Menes with (p. 19)
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Narmer's successor, Hor-Aha
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The mace head of Scorpion is carved to represent Scorpion (pp. 18)
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plowing
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Narmer (p. 21)
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and Hor-Aha were from Upper Egypt
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By the Second Dynasty, the god Seth had become a patron and symbol of (p. 21)
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Upper Egypt
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Modern Luxor is located north of Nekhen and south of Nubt in the heart of an area that has always been important because (p. 23)
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it is the start of a trade route to the Red Sea
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Hor-Aha's founding of Memphis probably gave a boost to the importance of the local god of the district, (p. 23)
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Ptah
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Kamil writes of drama at Memphis in which priests portrayed Ptah as existing before Atum, signaling that Memphis (pp. 23f)
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was superior to Heliopolis
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When Djoser came to the throne as the second king of the Third Dynasty, he (p. 24)
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appointed a talented but possibly ruthless grand vizier
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The architect Imhotep is reminiscent of another figure in MMW-1, namely (pp. 24)
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Tlacahelel
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It appears that statues of gods from all over Egypt were transported to Saqqara to witness Djoser's (p. 26)
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rebirthing
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Kamil argues that the reinvigorated ability of the central authorities to hold together a united Egypt under Pharaonic authority for the rest of Egyptian history is well illustrated in Djoser's (p. 26)
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hebsed
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MMW Time Quiz: Egypt
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Sahara dessication drives people east
Badarian settlements in Egypt Naqada I "Plum Red Ware Gerzean (Naqada II-III) settlements Palette of Narmer Hor-Aha founds Memphis Second Dynasty Begins Imhotep becomes Grand Vizier Pyramid of Djoser Pyramid of Cheops (Kufu) Ramses III brags of defeating Sea Peoples Alexander installs Ptolemy as Pharaoh Manetho writes a history of Egypt Romans conquer Egypt |
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MMW Time Quiz: Iliad (1)
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Leda is raped by Zeus (as a Swan)
Helen is born Hera and Athena are offended by Paris Agamemnon is forced to return Chryseis Patroclus dies Achilles rejoins the battle Odysseus devises the Trojan Horse Laocoön warns of Greeks bearing gifts Priam dies Achilles dies Ajax commits suicide |
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MMW Time Quiz: Iliad (2)
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Zeus abducts Ganymede as cup bearer
The Judgment of Paris enrages Athena Paris returns to Troy from Mount Ida Helen selects Menelaus as husband Achilles kills the Queen of the Amazons Trojan Horse enters Troy Helen returns to Menelaus Aeneas lands in Italy Homer writes about the Trojan War Aristotle writes about Homer Virgil writes about the Trojan War |
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When the Spanish first arrived in the Americas (chapter 1)
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most of the Maya states had already collapsed
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A "tributary empire" is one which (chapter 1)
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is one made up of communities offering products to the center under duress.
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The area lying to the east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec includes the Mexican states of (chapter 2 & map) (Select three.)
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Chiapas
Yucatán Campeche |
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Non-Nahua peoples living along the Gulf of Mexico included (chapter 2)
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Huastecs
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Non-Nahua peoples living along the Gulf of Mexico included (chapter 2)
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Totonacs
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The Aztecs admired toughness, which they thought of as especially evident in the "dog people," i.e., the (chapter 2)
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Chichimecs
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The Mexica were speakers of Nahuatl, a language related to (chapters 2-3)
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Hopi
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The legendary homeland of the Mexica was called Aztlan, which meant (chapter 3)
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place of herons
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In contrast to the word "Mexica," the word "Aztec" (chapter 3)
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refers to a political regime
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The great city of Teotihuacan at its peak between about AD 300 and 500 had a population of about (chapter 4)
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125,000
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One factor in Teotihuacan’s ability to dominate the region around it was the collapse of its primary rival, Cuihcuilco, caused by (chapter 4)
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a volcano
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Teotihuacan shows signs of (chapter 4) (Select three.)
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having been sacked, perhaps in an uprising
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The Toltec capital at Tollan is located (chapter 5)
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due north of Mexico City
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Along the base of the pyramid devoted to "the lord of the morning star" a series of carved panels show animals that (chapter 5)
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became the totemic animals of later Aztec warrior orders
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According to later accounts, Tollan was the home of Quetzalcoatl, an ancient and popular god represented by a feathered serpent. Jordan speculates that (chapter 5)
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this may have been name assumed by a Toltec king
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According to Aztec legend, after the death or departure of Quetzalcoatl, there was a drought caused by (chapter 5)
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King Huemac’s bargain with the gods, which won him jades and feathers
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After the fall of Tollan, a rush of successor states contended for the title of (chapter 5)
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new Tollan
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According to Aztec legend, they left Aztlan and settled in a place called Chicomoztoc (place of the seven caves) (chapter 6)
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where they cut down a forbidden tree and were required to leave on orders of their patron god
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Excavations in 1971 uncovered a tunnel under the Pyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacan which the Aztecs may have (chapter 6)
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used to reenact the seven caves myth
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The area around Lake Tetzcohco in the Valley of Mexico became home to a number of post-Toltec, Nahua-speaking groups, including two powerful settlements. On the west side of the lake lived people called Tepanecs at the town of (chapter 6)
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Azcapotzalco
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The two most formidable among these ever squabbling states were Colhuacan and Azcapotzalco, both of which claimed royal Toltec dynasties. The Mexica were permitted to offer service to Azcapotzalco in trade for the right to live in the place to which the Toltec King Huemac had fled, namely (chapter 6)
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the hill of Chapoltepec
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The deal with Azcapotzalco was hard to set up because of the rumors spread by a certain Copil, whose heart they later cut out and threw into the lake. Copil was the descendant of a (chapter 6)
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Mexica sorceress
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Eventually ejected from their homes by the king of Azcapotzalco, the Mexica were granted rights to a rocky, snake-filled field by King Coxcoxtli of Colhuacan because (chapter 6)
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he hated Azcapotzalco and liked the idea of helping its enemies
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King Coxcoxtli also ejected them in the end after the Aztecs abused his daughter by (chapter 6)
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flaying her
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Fleeing Colhuacan, the Aztecs appealed again to the ruler of Azcapotzalco, who ceded to them a swampy island called Acatzintlan, where Copil’s heart had landed after they threw it into the lake. According to this reading, they survived by eating fish and (chapter 6)
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frogs
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The basic diet for the Mexica included maize and (chapter 7) (Select three)
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squash
pole beans cactus |
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Chinampas
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held in place by willow trees
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Aztec society was divided into calpolli or "large houses," usually assumed to be something like (chapter 8)
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clans
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A land dispute in the mid 1300s resulted in some of the inhabitants of the island of Acatzintlan moving out of Tenochtitlan to the north end of the island and founding Tlatelolco, which became famous for its (chapter 8)
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large market
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In 1372, after the death of Tenochtli (or Tenoch), if he existed, the Tenochtitlan leadership (chapter 9)
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decided to create a class of nobility
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Acamapichtli (Emperor 1) (chapter 9) (Select three.)
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was the son of a Mexica father and a Culhua princess
was given the title "speaker" was required to marry one woman from each Tenochtitlan calpolli |
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In neighboring Tlatelolco, elders responded to Acamapichtli’s situation by (chapter 9)
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imitating Teotihuacan
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Once he had authority over Tenochtitlan, Acamapichtli declared war (chapter 9)
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on Chalco because it was there
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Acamapichtli was Emperor 1, and he was succeeded by his Son Huitzilihuitl as Emperor 2. Emperor 2 married the daughter of Tezozomoc, the monarch of Azcapotzalco, and they had a child named Chimalpopoca (Emperor 3), who was (chapters 9-10)
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irresistibly cute, which attracted his grandfather
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After Chimalpopoca became the Tenochtitlan leader, the aging Tezozomoc suddenly attacked Tetzcohco on the other side of the Lake, upsetting the balance of power. The ruler of Tetzcohco went into exile and is famed today because (chapter 10)
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he was known for his poetry, some of which survives
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The first of the aqueducts to cross the lake bringing water to Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco was build at this time by the young king Chimalpopoca in collaboration with the ruler of (chapter 10)
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Azcapotzalco
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Tezozomoc’s son and successor as ruler of Azcapotzalco was Maxtla, who (chapter 10) (Select two.)
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had Chimalpopoca killed
had his heart cut out by Nezahualcoyotl |
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The "Triple Alliance" that brought down Azcapotzalco included (1) Tenochtitlan, eager to throw off its "renter" relationship with Azcapotzalco, (2) Tlacopan, on the west side of the lake, near Azcapotzalco, and (3) (chapter 10)
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Tetzcohco, the town Tezozomoc had injudiciously attacked
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Tlacahelel was the son of the ruler (chapter 11)
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Huitzilihhuitl of Tenochtitlan
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This made him Uncle Itzcoatl’s (Emperor 4’s) (chapter 11)
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nephew
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The young Tlacahelel became widely admired when he (chapter 11)
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volunteered to be an ambassador to Maxtla
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Tlacahelel held the title "woman snake," which essentially meant (chapter 11)
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he was second-in-command after the "man snake," the emperor himself
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Among the Aztecs, the snake was associated with (chapter 11)
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cooperation
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Huitzilopochtli, the patron god of the Aztecs, was considered also (chapter 12)
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to be a god of war
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One of "Tlacahelel’s reforms" included (chapter 12)
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worshipping Tlaloc with Huitzilopochtli rather than Tlaloc with Quetzalcoatl
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Another of "Tlacahelel’s reforms" was (chapter 12)
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to destroy all non-Aztec historical records
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When a town was attacked by the Aztecs, the first step would be (chapter 12)
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the arrival of a messenger demanding surrender
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The Codex Mendoza is important because it provides (chapter 12)
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a tribute list
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When the Aztecs demanded tribute from subordinate towns, those towns (chapter 12) (Select two.)
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demanded that it be provided by their own subordinates
nearly always were asked for luxury goods |
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Military reconnaissance for the Aztecs tended to be handled by (chapter 12)
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merchants
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English has adopted the word "pochteca" from the Aztec term pochtecatl, which basically means (chapter 12)
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long-distance merchant
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In the mid 1400s, during the reign of Emperor 5 (Moteuczoma I) a series of natural disasters resulted in crop failures and severe suffering. Tlacahelel coordinated the response, which involved (chapter 12)
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increasing human sacrifice, despite its effects on the labor force
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After the wonderful harvest of 1455 that ended the great famine, Aztecs expanded their territory substantially to allow a supply of foodstuffs from other ecological niches. Reaching the Gulf of Mexico, they subordinated the (chapter 13) (Select two.)
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Huastecs
Totonacs |
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To the south of the Valley of Mexico, they conquered the (chapter 13)
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Mixtecs
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Once they had defeated the peoples along the Gulf coast, the Aztecs turned their attention to the west and were surprised to be soundly thrashed when they attacked the (chapter 13)
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Tarascans
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The term "flowery wars" refers to wars (chapter 14)
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wars among Nahua states with the principal goal of obtaining captives for sacrifice
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The god Xipe Totec seems to have originated (chapter 14)
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along the Gulf coast
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The countless cuts in the captive sacrificed in the Xipe Totec festival were considered to represent (chapter 14)
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sprouts of newly emerging plants in springtime
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In Mesoamerican tradition, "auto-sacrifice" meant (chapter 14)
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slitting one’s skin to dribble out blood but not in large amounts
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Many writers argue that the Aztec thought human sacrifice was necessary (chapter 14)
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to nourish the sun so that it would continue to rise
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At the most important sacrifices at Tenochtitlan, Tlacahelel demanded (chapter 14) (Select two.)
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that heads of subordinate states attend as witnesses
that lords of independent, unconquered states be invited to participate |
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The magnificently carved Coyolxauhqui stone (chapter 14) (Select two.)
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was about nine-feet across
represents Huitzilopochtli’s sister, hacked to bits by him |
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Beginning under the reign of Emperor 5, cotton clothing, golden ornaments, and even two-story houses were (chapter 15)
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subject to sumptuary laws
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Each calpolli had a kind of school or "youth house" in which boys learned (chapter 16) (Select two.)
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their father’s trades
martial arts |
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Sons of the nobility went instead to a special schools or calmecac, together with (chapter 16)
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boys pledged by their parents to the priesthood
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The most violent of the orders of warriors were prohibited from entering Tenochtitlan. They were named otomih, a word that referred to (chapter 16)
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a non-Nahua group considered very fierce
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For women, childbirth was considered the equivalent of male battle. Death in childbirth (chapter 16)
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was comparable to death by sacrifice
was comparable to death on the battlefield |
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The reading argues that probably most Nahua men living under the Aztecs (chapter 17)
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were farmers or craftsmen with little involvement in warfare
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With Tlacahelel’s continuing advice and assistance, Emperor 7 came and went, and Emperor 8, Ahuitzotl, forced to put down countless rebellions, also developed a policy of encouraging people to move from Tenochtitlan to conquered settlements (chapter 18)
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whose populations he destroyed to make room for the newcomers
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Although it is not known exactly when Tlacahelel died, it was probably (chapter 18) (Select two.)
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about the time of the dedication of the final enlargement of the pyramid complex at the Templo Mayor
about 5 years before Columbus set forth from Europe |
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The imperial palace compound of the Templo Mayor complex was located on the site now occupied by (chapter 18)
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the Presidential office building
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When the new Templo Mayor complex was dedicated (chapter 18) (Select 2)
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leaders sat behind screens so that the masses couldn’t see that enemy leaders were attending as guests
it included a tzompantli with a base carved to match its contents |
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The Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés landed on the Gulf coast in (chapter 19)
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1519
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An important ally of the anti-Aztec forces organized by the Spanish was the town of Tlaxcallan, which (chapter 19) (Select two.)
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the Aztecs had never conquered
was a Nahua-speaking settlement |
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Historian Susan Cline argues that when the Spanish imposed the encomienda system it tended to be seen by local leaders as (chapter 19)
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a continuation of the tributary state, except that now the Spanish were in charge rather than the Aztecs
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The single most devastating disease inadvertently transmitted from Europe to Mexico with the Spanish was (chapter 19)
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smallpox
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The word "tribute" comes from a Latin root that means (chapter 20)
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to pay
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Tributary relations are defined as based on (chapter 20)
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coercion
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Tributary relations do not necessarily involve tributary empires, strictly defined. Only one of the following tributary relationships conforms to the definition of a tributary empire given in the text. Which one? (chapter 20)
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resources rendered to Azcapotzalco by Tenochtitlan and other allied towns before the formation of the Triple Alliance
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Tributary empires, it is argued, are fragile because they (chapter 20) (Select two.)
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inspire resentment among much of the population, producing rebellions
they become vulnerable to disruption if they involve subsistence goods |
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MMW Time Quiz: Aztecs
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Earliest cult of Quetzalcoatl
Fall of Teotihuacan Rise of the Toltecs centered at Tula Fall of Tula (Tollan) Rise of the Tepanecs at Azcapotzalco Calpolli leaders select Colhuacan prince as tlatoani Founding of the Triple Alliance Fall of Azcapotzalco Death of Tlacaelel, adviser to monarchs Fall of Tenochtitlan Earliest Aztec use of alphabetic writing |
