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6 Cards in this Set
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“The conditions of bourgeois society are too narrow to compromise the wealth created by them. And how does the bourgeoisie get over these crises? On the one hand, by enforced destruction of a mass productive forces; on the other, by the conquests of new market, and by the more thorough exploitation of the old ones. That is to say, by paving the way for more extensive and more destructive crises, and by diminishing the means whereby crisis are prevented.” (Marx and Engels Communist Manifesto) PAGE 15 IN MANIFESTO |
- Written by Karl Marx. Describes the business cycle of crisis and renewal; Hegelian Dialectic. which demonstrates the idea about thesis and antithesis. - This passage relates to the key theme of socialism, where Karl Marx explains his view on how the economy will eventually destroy itself. For every capitalist, whenever there is a crisis, they will find a way to deal with the crisis with a renewal. - However, this cycle will have heavier consequences for each crisis and renewal, eventually leading to the destruction of capitalism. |
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“Furthermore, since the alienation is made without reservation, the union is as perfect as it can be, and no associate has anything more to claim. For, if some rights were left to private individuals, and there were no common superior who could decide between them and the public, each person, being in some respects his own judge, would soon claim to be so in every instance; the state of nature would subsist and the association would necessarily become tyrannical or ineffectual.” (Rousseau On Social Contract) PAGE 27 IN THE READER |
- Written by Rousseau - Rousseau's idea of an ideal government which consists of the general will, in which every individual would surrender their natural liberties in exchange for the interests of the community as a whole. - His ideas contrasted to that of Hobbes, who believed in a Levaithan, and Locke, who believed in government under the commonwealth. - This passage relates to the key theme of a legitimate government. |
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“And yet it may be true, perhaps, that the accommodation of an European prince does not always so much exceed that of an industrious and frugal peasant, as the accommodation of the latter exceeds that of many an African king, the absolute master of the lives and liberties of ten thousand naked savages.” (Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations) PAGE 64 IN THE READER |
- Written by Adam Smith - Describing his point of view of the distribution of wealth in his book "Wealth of Nations." - Adam Smith, believed that wealth should be equally distributed amongst every class. - Smith wanted to find a universal wealth so that the interests of all consumers can be protected. - He believed that industry would lead to opulence of the nation. - relates to the key theme of revolution in an economic standpoint |
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“The most extreme sans-culottes did not use the term ‘aristocrat’ for the old nobility, but for the bourgeoisie. On May 21, 1793, a popular orator from the Mail section declared that ‘aristocrats are all the people with money, all the fat merchants, all the monopolists, law students, bankers, pettifoggers and anyone who has something.’” (Albert Soboul “The Sans-Culottes”) |
- Written by Albert Soboul - describes the sans-culottes and how they viewed the upper class. - key theme of revolution - The sans-culottes were workers, artisans, and shopkeepers with distinguishable clothing (they were poor) The sans-culottes exhibited the social differences between them and the aristocrats, and they detested them with a passion. |
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“The grinding poverty and starvation with which our country is afflicted is such that it drives more and more men into the ranks of beggars, whose desperate struggle for bread renders them insensible to all feelings of decency and self-respect. And our philanthropists, instead of providing work for them and insisting on their working for bread, give them alms.” (Mohandas K. Gandhi, “My Experiments with Truth”) |
- This passage is by Gandhi. - Refers to when the mill laborers strike came to an end, after his fast, and they ordered sweets to distribute as a celebration. - Had trouble distributing the sweets, because they wanted more. - According to Gandhi they lost self respect, because they were begging. - They should have dignity in making their own living. - He criticized philanthropists for providing charity instead of giving jobs. |
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“Or it may, like Great Britain, neglect its agriculture, allowing its lands to go out of cultivation, and its population to grow up in towns, fall behind other nations in its methods of education and in the capacity of adapting to its uses the latest scientific knowledge, in order that it may squander its pecuniary and military resources in forcing bad markets and finding speculative fields of investment in distant corners of the earth, adding millions of square miles and of unassimilable population to the area of the Empire.” (Hobson Imperialism) |
- Written by Hobson in 1902. - Explains that too much investment towards military and expanding ones territory can be harmful to its education and agriculture. - It may be necessary to accommodate the growing population, but growing population can be damaging. - The government would focus more on expansion rather than the economy which can bring it down drastically. |
