Mm Chapter 12. Adrenergic Agonists & Antagonists

Front 1

1. Where is Norepinephrine synthesized?
a. In the adrenal cortex
b. In the mitochondria
c. In the cytoplasm
d. In the nucleus

Back 1

c

Front 2

2. Which mechanism is the most responsible for termination of Norepinephrine?
a. Reuptake into the preganglionic nerve ending
b. Reuptake into the postganlionic nerve ending
c. Diffusion from receptor sites
d. Metabolism by MAO

Back 2

b

Front 3

3. Which of the following does NOT occur with activation of alpha-1 receptors?
a. Uterine contracture
b. Relaxation of GI/GU sphinctors
c. Inhibition of insulin secrection
d. Mydriasis

Back 3

b

Front 4

4. Which of the following is TRUE regarding alpha-2 receptors?
a. Stimulation of postsynaptic receptors in vascular smooth muscle produces vasoconstriction
b. Stimulation of postsynaptic receptors in the CNS causes sedation and increases sympathetic outflow
c. Activation of these receptors increases cAMP presynaptically
d. Activation of these receptors decreases Ca++ entry into the neuron which limits endocytosis of storage vesicles

Back 4

a

Front 5

5. Beta-2 receptor activation results in all of the following except?
a. Gluconeogenesis
b. Na/K pump activation
c. Inhibition of insulin secretion
d. Glycogenolysis

Back 5

c

Front 6

6. What structure makes a substance a catecholamine?
a. 3,4 hydroxybenzene
b. 3,4 catocolbenzene
c. 3,4 monodichlorobenzene
d. 3,4 dichloroether

Back 6

a

Front 7

7. Clonidine primarily activates which receptors?
a. Central alpha-2 receptors
b. Peripheral alpha-2 receptors
c. Central alpha-1 receptors
d. Peripheral alpha-1 receptors

Back 7

a

Front 8

8. Dexmedetomidine is referred to as a?
a. Sympathomimetics
b. Sympatholytic
c. Parasympathomimetic
d. Parasympatholytic

Back 8

b

Front 9

9. When giving epinephrine, which of the following would you expect to see?
a. Decreased systolic, Increased diastolic pressure
b. Increased systolic, Increased diastolic pressure
c. Increased systolic, decreased diastolic pressure
d. Decreased systolic, decreased diastolic pressure

Back 9

c

Front 10

What makes ephedrine the most preferred choice for HOTN in obstetrics?
a. Increases Uterine blood flow
b. Does not decrease uterine blood flow
c. Does not cross the plecenta
d. Works the fastest

Back 10

b

Front 11

11. Isoproterenol stimulates which receptors?
a. Alpha 1
b. Beta 1
c. Beta 2
d. Both B and C
e. All of the above (a-c)

Back 11

d

Front 12

12. What is the MOA of fenoldopam?
a. Stimulates DA 1 and 2, alpha, and beta receptors
b. Stimulates only DA 1 and 2 receptors
c. Stimulates only DA 2 receptors
d. Stimulates only DA 1 receptors

Back 12

d

Front 13

13. Which would you expect NOT to see with alpha blockers?
a. Postural HOTN
b. Tachycardia
c. Sedation
d. Peripheral vasodilation

Back 13

c

Front 14

Which of the following is the metabolite of sympathetic catecholamines?
a. Vanillylmandelic acid
b. Vanillylcatecolic acid
c. Vanillyladrenolic acid
d. Chocolate acid

Back 14

a

Front 15

Adrenergic agonists can be categorized as
2x

Back 15

direct or indirect

Front 16

direct vs indirect

Back 16

Direct agonists bind to the receptor, whereas indirect agonists increase endogenous neurotransmitter activity

Front 17

primary effect of phenylephrine is

Back 17

peripheral vasoconstriction with a concomitant rise in systemic vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure

Front 18

a good choice for patients with the combination of congestive heart failure and coronary artery disease

Back 18

Favorable effects on myocardial oxygen balance make dobutamine a good choice for patients with the combination of congestive heart failure and coronary artery disease, particularly if peripheral vascular resistance and heart rate are already elevated.

Front 19

Labetalol lowers blood pressure without reflex tachycardia because

Back 19

because of its combination of -a and -b effects.

Front 20

Esmolol is

Back 20

ultrashort-acting selective B1-antagonist that reduces heart rate and, to a lesser extent, blood pressure

Front 21

Discontinuation of b-blocker therapy for 24–48 h may trigger a

Back 21

withdrawal syndrome characterized by hypertension, tachycardia, and angina pectoris.

Front 22

norepinephrine (noradrenaline) is the neurotransmitter responsible for most of the adrenergic activity of the

Back 22

sympathetic nervous system

Front 23

norepinephrine is released by

Back 23

postganglionic sympathetic fibers at end-organ tissues

Front 24

Norepinephrine is synthesized in the

Back 24

cytoplasm

Front 25

Norepinephrine is synthesized in the cytoplasm and packaged into vesicles of _____________________.

Back 25

sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Front 26

Adrenergic receptors are divided into two general categories:

Back 26

alpha
beta

Front 27

a1-Receptors are postsynaptic adrenoceptors located in 6x

Back 27

eye, lung, blood vessels, uterus, gut, and genitourinary system

Front 28

Activation of alpha 1 receptors increases

Back 28

intracellular calcium ion concentration, which leads to muscle contraction

Front 29

pupillary dilation due to contraction of the radial eye muscles

Back 29

mydriasis

Front 30

a1-agonists are 6x

Back 30

with mydriasis bronchoconstriction, vasoconstriction, uterine contracture, and contraction of sphincters in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts

Front 31

a1-Stimulation also inhibits 2x

Back 31

insulin secretion and lipolysis.

Front 32

myocardium possesses a1-receptors that have

2X

Back 32

slightly positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects.

Front 33

a2-receptors are located primarily on the ___________

Back 33

presynaptic nerve terminals.

Front 34

Activation of these a2 adrenoceptors inhibit

Back 34

adenylate cyclase activity.
This decreases the entry of calcium ions into the neuronal terminal, which limits subsequent exocytosis of storage vesicles containing norepinephrine.

Front 35

The most important b1-receptors are located on

Back 35

postsynaptic membranes in the heart.

Front 36

Stimulation of b1-Receptors
receptors activates

causes 3x

Back 36

activates adenylate cyclase, which converts adenosine triphosphate to cyclic adenosine monophosphate and initiates a kinase phosphorylation cascade. Initiation of the cascade has positive chronotropic (increased heart rate), dromotropic (increased conduction), and inotropic (increased contractilty) effects.

Front 37

b2-Receptors are primarily postsynaptic adrenoceptors located in ___________ an ___________

Back 37

smooth muscle and gland cells

Front 38

b 3-Receptors are found in 2x

Back 38

gallbladder and in brain adipose tissue

Front 39

Phenylephrine is a noncatecholamine with predominantly _____________ activity

Back 39

direct a1-agonist