Mksap 16 Cardio Part 6

Front 1

usual rate of Aflutter

Back 1

250-350

Front 2

treatment of Aflutter

Back 2

same as afib

Front 3

usual site of flutter ablation

Back 3

isthmus between IVC and TV

Front 4

the most frequent paroxysmal SVTs

Back 4

AVNRT, AV reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT), atrial tachycardia

Front 5

short RP tachycardias

Back 5

AVNRT, AVRT, junctional tachycardia

Front 6

long RP tachycardias

Back 6

atrial tachycardia, sinus tachycardia, atypical AVNRT, and permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia

Front 7

how does adenosine work in SVT?

Back 7

Blocks AV node conduction transiently,interrupts reentrant circuit, terminates AVNRT, AVRT. slows rate to demonstrate P waves in other SVTs (Afib, ST, atrial tach)

Front 8

most common paroxysmal SVT

Back 8

AVNRT

Front 9

treatment of AVNRT (7)

Back 9

vagal maneuvers, adenosine, β-blockers, nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, antiarrhythmic agents, or cardioversion; cath ablation also has high success rate

Front 10

a reentrant circuit that includes a bypass pathway and the AV node

Back 10

Atrioventricular Reciprocating Tachycardia

Front 11

WPW pattern vs syndrome

Back 11

preexcitation pattern on ECG = "WPW pattern"; pattern + symptoms (tachycardia) = "WPW syndrome"

Front 12

Risk factors for VF in patients with WPW syndrome (4)

Back 12

a history of AVRT, a rapidly conducting bypass pathway, multiple bypass pathways, Ebstein anomaly.

Front 13

first line therapy for patients with AVRT with symptoms and preexication, with history of rapid Afib

Back 13

catheter ablation

Front 14

preferred agents in AVRT

Back 14

procainamide and amiodarone (slows conduction down bypass pathway acutely) and not AV nodal blocking medications

Front 15

treatment of AVRT without preexcitation on EKG

Back 15

catheter ablation, β-blockers or antiarrhythmic agents

Front 16

treatment of PACs

Back 16

if symptomatic, B blockers or calcium blockers; usually needs only reassurance

Front 17

caused by an ectopic focus or area of micro-reentry that fires faster than the sinus rate

Back 17

atrial tachycardia

Front 18

treatment of atrial tach

Back 18

β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, digoxin, or antiarrhythmic agents; cath ablation also an option

Front 19

an irregular tachycardia that demonstrates three or more P waves of different morphologies and is usually associated with underlying pulmonary disease

Back 19

multifocal atrial tach

Front 20

treatment of MAT

Back 20

treat pulmonary disease, electrolyte repletion, and, occasionally, β-blockers or calcium channel blockers

Front 21

treatment of symptomatic PVCs

Back 21

B blocker or calcium blocker; antiarrhythmic agents rarely required; cath ablation if medical therapy failed

Front 22

define sustained VT

Back 22

lasts >30 secs or produces hemodynamic collapse

Front 23

*treatment of idiopathic VT

Back 23

mild - no treatment; frequent or severe Sx - calcium blockers or beta blockers, class I or III antiarrhythmic, cath ablation; ICD is not indicated

Front 24

the most common channelopathy

Back 24

Long QT syndrome

Front 25

mainstay of therapy in long QT syndrome

Back 25

b blockers

Front 26

drugs to avoid in long QT syndrome

Back 26

haldol, sotalol, erythromycin

Front 27

treatment for short QT syndrome

Back 27

quinidine to prolong QT interval; offer ICD

Front 28

what is Brugada syndrome

Back 28

a pattern of 2 mm or greater J-point elevation, coved ST-segment elevation, and T-wave inversions in leads V1 to V3 with an increased risk of syncope, VF, and sudden cardiac arrest

Front 29

VT during times of high adrenergic tone, carrying a high risk of SCD

Back 29

catecholaminergic polymorphic VT

Front 30

treatment of catecholaminergic polymorphic VT

Back 30

avoid exercise, beta blockers, ICD

Front 31

fibrofatty infiltration of the right ventricle resulting from dysfunction of the desmosome

Back 31

ARVC/D

Front 32

EKG findings in ARVC/D

Back 32

Tinv V1-V3, epsilon wave