Mkgrady8 Neuro 5 Dopamine And Behavior

Front 1

acute effects of cocaine

Back 1

euphoria, increased energy, mental alertness; decreased appetite; increased HR; increased BP; vasoconstriction; hyperthermia; mydriasis

Front 2

chronic effects of cocaine

Back 2

addiction; irritability; mood disturbances; restlessness; paranoia; auditory hallucinations

Front 3

acute effects of heroin

Back 3

rush (45sec-mins), on the nod aka sedation/tranquility (about 1 hr), depressed resp, clouded mental functioning, nausea and vomiting, analgesia, constipation, pin point pupils

Front 4

chronic effects of heroin

Back 4

addition, collapsed veins, abscesses and bac infections, infection of heart lining and valves, rheumatologic problems, adrenal/gonadal homeostasis, mood swings, malnutrition and chronic constipation

Front 5

what is drug reinforcement

Back 5

a form of behavioral plasticity in which behavioral changes occur in response to acute exposure to a reinforcing drug; drugs are classified as REINFORCERS if the probability of drug seeking behavior is increased in response to drug exposure

Front 6

what causes this rapid and powerful association

Back 6

hypothesis= the result of drug's ability to directly influence PRE EXISTING BRAIN SYSTEMS; these systems normally mediate the reinforcement produced by NATURAL REINFORCERS such as food, sex, social interaction, or even compulsive internet use

Front 7

what is drug addiction

Back 7

a complex phenomenon that involves a biological process= the effects of repeated exposure to a biological agent (drug) on a biological substate (brain) over time; the long term alteration of neuronal circuits leads to the complex behaviors of craving, dependence, tolerance, etc

Front 8

TOLERANCE=

Back 8

MORE DRUG REQUIRED; THIS IS ON THE TEST

Front 9

SENSITIZATION=

Back 9

LESS DRUG REQUIRED; THIS IS ON THE TEST

Front 10

what brain system is involved?

Back 10

mesencephalic DA systems= mesolimbic tract (arousal, memory, behavior), nigrostriatal tract (modulation of EPS), mesocortical tract (cognition, socialization), tuberoinfundibular tract (inhibition of prolactin release)

Front 11

the mesolimbic DA system

Back 11

mesolimbic dopamine system as a major neural substrate for the reinforcement produced by opiates, psychostimulants, ethanol, nicotine, and cannabinoids

Front 12

self administration in rats

Back 12

animals will self administer amphetamine and dopamine into the NAc; lesions of the mesolimbic DA neurons attenuate the reinforcing effects of iv cocaine; other drugs (ethanol and cannabinoids) cause increased DA release in the NAc

Front 13

what does cocaine do

Back 13

blocks the reuptake of dopamine into the presynaptic neuron

Front 14

summary:

Back 14

with chronic drug abuse the brain depends on the drug to maintain rewarding feelings (activate pathway); NATURAL REINFORCERS ARE NO LONGER EFFECTIVE

Front 15

acute drug state aka the first time you take cocaine

Back 15

increased mesolimbic DA and decreased cAMP; DECREASED CAMP IN THE NAC OPPOSES REINFORCEMENT; acute inhibition of this system may also contribute to drug craving and relapse in addicted subjects

Front 16

chronic drug exposure

Back 16

produces an up regulation of the cAMP pathway in the NAc which could underlie tolerance to reinforcement

Front 17

look at slide 56 on drug dependence and reinforcement lecture

Back 17

do it

Front 18

short term abstinence

Back 18

withdrawal; increased glu, NE and decreased DA and 5-HT

Front 19

LONGER LASTING MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS TO NAC

Back 19

THIS IS ON THE EXAM; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS= gradual accumulation of proteins such as deltaFosB during chronic tratment with many classes of addictive drugs; deltaFosB is very stable, after its slow ACCUMULATION in NAc may represent a molecular switch that gradually converts acute responses into relatively stable adaptations that underlie long term responses such as craving (once it's flipped on, it stays on)