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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Molecular genetics
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works on therapies for diseases
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genetic field of Phylogentics
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determining evolutionary relationships amoung species
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DNA base combination are always...
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A-T or C-G
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Regulatory gene
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contains information important to initiating transcription
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structural genes
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genes that contain information to make a protein
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In Mendel's experiments, the F1 generation
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was a mating of two lines that were true-blending
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Mendel's law of segregation states:
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the factor that is expressed is dominant
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autosomes
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any of the chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes
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autosomal dominant disease vrs. autosomal recessive disease
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dominant- one copy must be inherited from either parent.
recessive- one copy must be inhereted from both parents |
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homozygous
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having the same allele at the loci for a gene on both pairs of homologous chromosomes. same gene, same place
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heterzygous
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having two different allesles at the loci for a gene on both homologous chorosomes.- different gene, same place
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pleitropy
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phenomenon of a single gene having multiple phenotypic effects- PKU is one of these genes
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x-linked disorders
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males = heterogametic sex- only have one X gene so are more suceptable to X-linked disorders
females= homogametic |
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Polytypic
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a species that is divided into local populations that differ by one or more phenotypic traits.
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Term subspecies used interchangably with term...
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race
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ethnobiology
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deals with how various cultures classify organisms in the natural world
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Johann F. Blumenback beleived...
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that the division between human groups was more or less arbitrary
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Anthropometry
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the measuremnt of different aspects of the body, such as stature or skin color
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a population is polymorphic for a trait if it is governed by two alleles and they are present at frequency of....
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greater than 1%
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hemolytic anemia is..
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when there is a maternal-fetal incompatibility of the ABO system- also effects subsequent pregnancies
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Acclimatization vrs. adaptability
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acclimatization is very short term, adaptability is long term
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hypoxic ventilatory response
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the increase in ventilation induced by hypoxia-("oxygen starvation") breathing faster increased oxygen to brain.
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Prototheria group:
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lays eggs, but nurse young with milk (australian platypus)
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metatheria group
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marsupials, reproduce w/o placenta.
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eutheria group
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placental mammals. (primates)
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Humans and apes are members of which infraorder
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haplorhine
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arboreal hypothesis
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Considers the origin of primate adaption that focuses on the value of grasping hands adn steroscopic vision for life in the trees.
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petrosal bulla
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is the tiny bit of the skeleton that covers and protects parts of the inner ear. - info used with fossil of questionable status
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diurnal
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active during the day- unlike most mammals primates are diurnal
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encepahlixation refers to
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the volume of the neocortex
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Primate order is broken down into two suborders including...
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promisians(strepsirhini) -including Lemurs, Lorises & Tarsierus and antropoidea (haplorhini)- including Monkeys, Apes & humans
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Promisians
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-more primitive primate- noctural (large eyes) unfused hemi mandible, protruding moist snout, grooming claws, uses scent for marking territory
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Antropoidea
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-humans- greater coolor vision, longer gestabtion, increased parental care, mutual grooming
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Anthropodea infraorders
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Playtrrhini (New World)- western monkeys, 3 molar teeth, flat nose
Catarrini (Old World)- Earstern monkey, apes humans, nostrils down, sexual dimorphism |
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Catarrini Super Families
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1. Cercopithecoidea (many have tails)
2. Hominoidea- a. Hylobatidae- Gibbons & Siamoargs (long arms, bracchiation, monogamus, fruit eaters), b. Pongidae- Gorillas, chimps, bonobos (Gorillas largest primates, primarily veg., terrestrial) c. Homindae- homosapiens (more intelligent, bipedal, social) |
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Pan Paniscus
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congo- more linear bodies- longer legs- smaller heads more aboreal, less aggressive, engage in pleasurable sex, female dominated (bonobos)
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Pan Troglodytes
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slight sex dimorph., knuckle walk, bracchiate, omnivours, grooming & creating bonds. male dominant hunt in groups. (chimpanzee)
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reproductive asymmetry
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females tend to be competed for by males
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fission-fusion mating
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in primates- which there are temporary subgroups but no stable, cohesive groups
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polygyny
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majority of haplorhine nonhuman primates composed of one or more males and more than one female.
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polyandry
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when one female lives in a reproductive or social unit with multiple males. rare in primates
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