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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mineral
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Naturally occurring inorganic solid having an orderly internal structure and characteristic chemical composition that results in definite physical properties. *Each component necessary to be considered a mineral.
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Mineral Physical Properties
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Crystal form, color streak, cleavage, fracture, hardness and special properties.
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Luster
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The appearance light has as it is reflected from the surface of a mineral. Metallic or nonmetallic.
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Metallic
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The way that the light reflects from the surface of aluminum foil; not necessarily shiny.
Gold, silver or black. Shiny (Unless tarnished). Opaque (Not transparent). Always have a streak. Ex. Galena, Chalcopyrite, Hematite, Magnetite, Pyrite, & Graphite |
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Nonmetallic
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Shines like metal. Can have a shiny surface.
Not gold or silver. Shiny to dull. Transparent to opaque. Rarely has a streak. Ex. Orthoclase, Anorthite, Crystalline Quartz, Milky Quartz, Muscovite, Hornblende, Calcite, Albite, Sphalerite, Taolinite, Olivine, Halite, Talc, Gypsum, Fluorite, & Biotite |
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Orthoclase
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Cleavage: 2 @90, 2 directions
Hardness: 6 Luster: Nonmetallic Special Properties: - |
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Anorthite
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Cleavage: -
Hardness: 6 Luster: Nonmetallic Special Properties: - |
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Crystalline Quartz
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Cleavage: Fracture
Hardness: 7 Luster: Nonmetallic Special Properties: - |
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Milky Quartz
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Cleavage: Fracture
Hardness: 7 Luster: Nonmetallic Special Properties: - |
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Muscovite
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Cleavage: 1 Direction
Hardness: (2.5) Luster: Nonmetallic Special Properties: - |
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Hornblende
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Cleavage: 2 not at 90
Hardness: (5-6) Luster: Nonmetallic Special Properties: |
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Calcite
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Cleavage: 3 not at 90
Hardness: 3 Luster: Nonmetallic Special Properties: Fizzes w/ acid |
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Albite
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Cleavage: 2 @ 90
Hardness: 6 Luster: Nonmetallic Special Properties: |
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Galena
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Cleavage: 3 @ 90
Hardness: (2.5) Luster: Metallic Special Properties: High specific gravity |
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Sphalerite
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Cleavage: (6 directions)
Hardness: (4) Luster: Nonmetallic Special Properties: - |
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Chalcopyrite
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Cleavage: Fracture
Hardness: (4) Luster: Metallic Special Properties: - |
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Hematite
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Cleavage: Fracture
Hardness: (6) Luster: Metallic Special Properties: Red streak |
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Magnetite
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Cleavage: Fracture
Hardness: (4.5) Luster: Metallic Special Properties: Magnetism |
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Taolinite
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Cleavage: Fracture
Hardness: (2) Luster: Nonmetallic Special Properties: Sticks to tongue |
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Olivine
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Cleavage: Fracture
Hardness: (6.5 - 7) Luster: Nonmetallic Special Properties: - |
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Pyrite
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Cleavage: Fracture
Hardness: (6) Luster: Metallic Special Properties: Egg smell with acid |
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Halite
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Cleavage: 3 @ 90
Hardness: (2.5) Luster: Nonmetallic Special Properties: Salty taste |
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Graphite
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Cleavage: (1 Direction)
Hardness: (1) Luster: Metallic Special Properties: Greasy feel; writes on paper |
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Talc
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Cleavage: (1 Direction)
Hardness: 1 Luster: Nonmetallic Special Properties: - |
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Gypsum
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Cleavage: (2 not at 90)
Hardness: 2 Luster: Nonmetallic Special Properties: |
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Fluorite
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Cleavage: (4 Directions)
Hardness: 4 Luster: Nonmetallic Special Properties: - |
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Biotite
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Cleavage: 1 Direction
Hardness: (2.5) Luster: Nonmetallic Special Properties: |
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Obsidian
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Type: Igneous
Composition: N/A No bubbles Texture: Glassy |
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Rhyolite
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Type: Igneous
Composition: Sialic Texture: Aphanitic |
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Granite
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Type: Igneous
Composition: Sialic Texture: Phaneritic |
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Llanite
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Type: Igneous
Composition: Sialic Texture: Porphyritic Aphanitic (only in Texas - pieces of quartz & orthoplace) |
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Basalt
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Type: Igneous
Composition: Mafic Texture: Aphanitic |
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Gabbro
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Type: Igneous
Composition: Mafic Texture: Phaneritic |
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Pumice
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Type: Igneous
Composition: N/A Bubbles Texture: Glassy |
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Chert
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Type: Sedimentary
Composition: Crystalline Quartz Texture: Crystalline |
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Coquina Limestone
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Type: Sedimentary
Composition: Calcite Texture: Crystalline |
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Conglomerate
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Type: Sedimentary
Composition: Gravel Texture: Clastic |
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Sandstone
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Type: Sedimentary
Composition: Sand Texture: Clastic |
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Sandstone
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Type: Sedimentary
Composition: Sand Texture: Clastic |
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Shale
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Type: Sedimentary
Composition: Clay Texture: Clastic |
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Fossiliferous Limestone
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Type: Sedimentary
Composition: Calcite Texture: Crystalline |
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Oolitic Limestone
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Type: Sedimentary
Composition: Calcite Texture: Crystalline |
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Bitumenous Coal
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Type: Sedimentary
Composition: Peat Texture: Organic Clastic |
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Gneiss
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Type: Metamorphic
Parent Rock: Granite Texture: Foliated Banded |
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Schist
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Type: Metamorphic
Parent Rock: Shale Texture: Foliated Nonbanded |
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Quartzite
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Type: Metamorphic
Parent Rock: Sandstone Texture: Nonfoliated |
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Slate
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Type: Metamorphic
Parent Rock: Shale Texture: Foliated Nonbanded |
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Marble
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Type: Metamorphic
Parent Rock: Limestone Texture: Nonfoliated |
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Phyllite
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Type: Metamorphic
Parent Rock: Shale Texture: Foliated Nonbanded |
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Anthracite
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Type: Metamorphic
Parent Rock: Bitumenous Coal Texture: Nonfoliated |
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Aphanitic
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Igneous rock texture
Microscopic crystals Rocks often appear to have no crystal and look to be dull in appearance Ex. Rhyolite & Basalt |
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Phaneritic
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Igneous rock texture
Larger more visible crystals Often have a shine Ex. Granite & Gabbro |
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Poryphritic Aphanitic/ Poryphritic Phaneritic
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Igneous rock texture
Aphanitic or Phaneritic textures with phenocrysts (crystals larger than the groundmass) Ex. of Poryphritic Aphanitic - Llanite |
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Glassy
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Igneous rock texture
Defined by presence or absence of bubbles This texture is accompanied by a "N/A bubbles or no bubbles" composition Ex. Pumice (bubbles) & Obsidian (no bubbles) |
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Sialic
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Igneous rock composition
Usually lighter in color Ex. Rhyolite, Granite, & Llanite |
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Mafic
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Igneous rock composition
Made of iron & magnesium; usually greys & blacks Ex. Basalt & Gabbro |
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Clastic
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Sedimentary rock texture
Produced by physical weathering Has compositions: Gravel (2mm and above), Sand (.0625 mm to 2 mm), Silt (.0039 mm to .0625 mm), Clay (.0039 mm or less) Ex. Conglomerate, Sandstone, Shale |
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Crystalline
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Sedimentary rock texture
Produced by chemical weathering Has compositions: Lime (Calcite), Salt (Halite), Gypsum, & Crystalline Quartz Ex. Chert, Coquina Limestone, Fossiliferous Limestone, Oolitic Limestone |
