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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
silicates
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Si & O
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halides
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Cl or F
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oxides
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O but no Si or C
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carbonates
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CO3
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sulfides
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S
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sulfates
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SO4
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hematite
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Fe2O3 2 atoms of iron (Fe) and 3 atoms of oxygen. An OXIDE because it has no Silicon and no Carbon.
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quartz
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SiO2, one atom of silicon, two atoms of oxygen, SILICATE
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olivine
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MG2SiO4, two atoms of manganese, one atom of silicon, four atoms of oxygen, SILICATE
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gypsum
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CaSO4, one atom of calcium, one atom of sulfur, four atoms of oxygen, SULFIDE
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corundum
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Al2O3 2 atoms of aluminum, 3 atoms of oxygen, OXIDE
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fluorite
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CaF2 one atom of Calcium, 2 atoms of fluorine, HALIDE
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pyrite
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FeS2, one atom of iron, two atoms of Sulfur, SULFIDE
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galena
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PbS, one atom of lead, one atom of sulfur, SULFIDE
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feldspar
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KAlSi4O8, one atom of Potassium, one atom of aluminum, four atoms of silicon, eight atoms of oxygen, SILICATE
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Rocks
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mixtures of minerals
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Minerals
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1) a pure element or
2) a chemical compound eg. Au (gold) or SiO4 (quartz) |
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lithosphere
atmosphere |
litho - rock, stone
atmo - air sphere - round 3D object |
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Which mineral group makes up the largest portion of the lithosphere?
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silicates (containing Si & O)
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After the silicates, the second largest group in the lithosphere is the _________
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CARBONATES
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hardness
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How hard is the rock on a scale of 1 to 10.
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luster
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light reflected from the surface of a mineral is called LUSTER. There is one type of luster that reflects light like a POLISHED METAL: this is called metallic luster.
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like pyrite
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specific gravity
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How heavy is this rock by weight?
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streak
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The color of a mineral in its POWDERED FORM.
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cleavage
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the tendency for some minerals to SPLIT EASILY ALONG CERTAIN FLAT SURFACES.
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fracture properties
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FRACTURE PROPERTIES are described according how the mineral fractures. Minerals may fracture 'unevenly' or 'irregularly'. A broken surface may be fibrous or splintery.
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color
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An easily observed property of a mineral. It is an UNRELIABLE identification clue because 'weathered' surfaces may hide the color of minerals. An example of this unreliability is the mistaking of pyrite for gold.
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chemical formula
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Every mineral has its own chemical formula. For example, halite is different than orthoclase because it is made from a different and separate combination of elements.
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crystal structure
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A specific mineral always has the same general shape because the atoms or ions that form its crystals always combine in the same geometric pattern.
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density
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a measure of how much matter is in a unit of volume. Density is measured as mass/volume; for example: 3 grams / cubic centimeters (3 gm/cc) or 3 grams per millileter (3 gms./liter)
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To say that a mineral has the physical property of being 'fibrous' is to describe a property of _________.
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a. streak
b. luster c. fracture |
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What is hardness?
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The measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching.
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What does the term 'inorganic' mean?
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not made up of living organisms or the remains of living organisms
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What are 'rock-forming' minerals .
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These are the minerals that compose 90% of the earth's crust.
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Name the six groups of NONSILICATE minerals.
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halides, sulfides, sulfates, carbonates, silicates and the oxides.
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What is the basic structure of all silicate minerals?
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the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron
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Name and explain the physical properties used to identify minerals.
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color, fracture and cleavage, luster, hardness, crystal shape, streak, density
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Explain the classroom scale of hardness used in the laboratory.
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Remember MOHS Scale of Hardness. What substances are at the top and bottom of this scale.
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Explain the special properties used to identify calcite, halite, and magnetite.
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k
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Why is GALENA so important to the state of Wisconsin.
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Early mining industry
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Explain the impact of minerals on society.
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Minerals are used in virtually all commercial manufacturing processes. Without minerals, consumers would not enjoy so many products and conveniences.
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