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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Some minerals come from molten rock from a volcano. Molten rock underground is called....
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magma
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Molten rock above ground is called ....
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lava
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Some minerals form when water evaporates. This is called formation by p____
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precipitation
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The two most abundant elements in the earth's crust are __ and ___. The most common minerals are ____ which contain those two elemetns.
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oxygen and silicon
silicates |
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Minerals that contain a metal and element oxygen are called ______
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oxides
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The second most abundant minerals contain carbon and oxygen and they fizz when exposed to hydrochloric acid. They are....
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carbonates (such as limestone)
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Matter is anything that has ____ and ____
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volume and mass
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The building blocks of minerals are....
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elements
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An ____ is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical or physical means.
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element
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The chart that contains all the elements is called the ....
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periodic table
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Three physical states of matter are s___, l____, and g____
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solid
liquid gas |
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The smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element is an ....
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atom
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The majority of the elements on the planet (and on the periodic table) are .....
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metals
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There are 17 ____ elements on the right hand side of the periodic table, just right of the metalloids.
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nonmetals
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Manmade diamonds can't be called minerals because minerals must be...
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naturally occurring
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Minerals have a definite cr______ structure.
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crystalline
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Minerals must be i_____, meaning that they cannot be made of carbon and hydrogen.
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inorganic
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Minerals must not be liquid or gaseous. They must be....
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solid
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Petroleum oil out of the ground is sometimes mistakenly called a mineral. It is not. Why?
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Liquids cannot be minerals
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Halite and calcite are great examples of _____. When they break, they do so on nice flat planes and always keep the same angles.
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cleavage
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Atoms that bond together to form new substances are called c_______
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compounds
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Some minerals contain sulfur. We call them s________
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sulfides
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An example of a mineral that can be identified by its magnetism is.....
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lodestone, also called magnetite
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Some minerals contain an element that is in the halogen family on the periodic table. We call these chlorine & fluorine-containing minerals....
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halides
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Sometimes we identify a mineral by rubbing it across an abrasive plate to see what color its powder is. We call this the _____ test.
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streak
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When a mineral shines like a metal shines, we say it has l______
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luster
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We use M____ Hardness scale to tell how hard a mineral is.
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Mohs
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Mohs Hardness Scale has ___ numbers with #1 being talc.
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10
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The hardest number on Mohs Hardness Scale is #____ and it is for the mineral d___________
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10
diamond |
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Carbonates are often hard to tell apart from other minerals. But, it's easy to do if you have a liquid called h____ a____, which causes carbonates to fizz readily
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hydrochloric acid
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