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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
concentration of a mineral that is of scientific or technical interest |
Mineral Occurence |
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mineral occurrence of sufficient size and grade or concentration to enable extraction under the most favorable conditions |
Mineral Deposits |
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mineral deposit that has been tested and known to be economically profitable to mine |
ORE Deposits |
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rock or mineral material used as filler in cement, asphalt, plaster, etc; generally used to describe not metallic deposits |
Aggregate |
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a mineral or combination of minerals from which a useful substance, such as a metal, can be extracted and used to manufacture a useful product. |
ORE |
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are minerals which contain one or more metallic elements. Occur in rare, naturally formed concentrations known as mineral deposits. |
Metallic Minerals |
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minerals are a special group of chemical elements from which no new product can be generated if they are melted. |
Non-Metallic Minerals |
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valuable substances are concentrated within an igneous body through magmatic processes such as crystal fractionation, partial melting and crystal settling. |
Magmatic Ore Deposits |
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as magma cools down, heavier minerals tend to crystallize early and settle at the lower portion of the magma chamber. From a basaltic magma, chromite, magnetite and platinum can be concentrated through ________ _________. |
Crystal Settling |
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the residual melting contains high percentage of water and volatile substances that are favorable for the formation of pegmatites. Pegmatites are enriched in Lithium, Gold, Boron, rare elements and some other heavy metals. |
Fractional crystalization |
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2 parts Magmatic Ore Deposits |
Crystal Setling Fractional crystallization |
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4 parts of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits
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Vein type deposits Disseminated deposits Stratabound Ore Deposits Masive Sulfide Deposits |
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concentration of valuable substances by hot aqueous (water-rich) fluids flowing through fractures and pore spaces in rocks. |
Hydrothermal Ore Deposits |
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are hot, residual watery fluids derived during the later stages of magmacrystallization and may contain large amount of dissolved metals. These can also originate fromthe ground water circulating at depth that is being |
Hydrothermal Solutions |
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A fairly well defined zone of mineralization, usually inclined and discordant and typically narrow. |
Vein type deposits |
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Deposits in which the ore minerals are distributed as minute masses (very low concentration) through large volumes of rocks. This occurrence is common for porphyry copper deposits. |
Disseminated Deposits |
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Precipitation of metals as sulfide minerals such as sphalerite (ZnS) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) occurs when hot fluids that circulated above magma chambers at oceanic ridges that may contain sulfur, |
Massive Sulfide Deposits |
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This deposit is formed when the dissolved minerals in a hydrothermal fluid precipitate in the pore spaces of unconsolidated sediments on the bottom of a lake or ocean. Such minerals may contain economic concentrations of lead, zinc and copper, usually in sulfide form like galena,sphalerite and chalcopyrite. |
Stratabound Ore deposits |
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2 parts of Sedimentary Ore Deposits |
Evaporite Deposits Iron Formation |
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Some valuable substances are concentrated by chemical precipitation coming from lakes or seawater |
Sedimentary Ore Deposits |
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This type of deposit typically occurs in a closed marine environment where evaporation is greater than water inflow. As most of the water evaporates, the dissolved substances become more concentrated in the residual water and would eventually precipitate.Halite, gypsum , |
Evaporite Deposits |
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These deposits are made up of repetitive thin layers of iron-rich chert and several other iron bearing minerals such as hematite and magnetite. Iron formations appear to be of evaporite type deposits and are mostly formed in basins within |
Iron Formation |
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Deposits formed by the concentration of valuable substances through gravity separation during sedimentary processes.Usually aided by flowing surface waters either in streams or along coastlines. |
Placer Ore Deposits |
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A type of deposit that results from the accumulation of valuable materials through chemical weathering processes. |
Residual Ore Deposits |
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Mining is done to extract minerals ( or fossils fuels) from deep deposits in soil using subsurface mining or from shallow deposits by surface mining. |
Impacts of Mining |
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also known as opencast mining, is asurface mining technique that extractsminerals from an open pit in the ground.MACHINES dig holes and remove the ores. |
Open-Pit Mining |
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is the underwater excavation of a placer deposit by floating equipment. systems are classified as mechanical or hydraulic depending on the method of material transport. |
Dredging |
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is employed in coal reserves where the overburden is removed in rectangular blocks in plan view called pits or strips. The pits are parallel and adjacent to each other. |
Strip Mining |
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2 types of Veins type Deposits |
Fissure Veins Ladder Veins |
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Is formed by a partial melting of mantle |
Basaltic magma |
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Are enriched in lithium, gold, Boron, rare elements, and some other heavy metals |
Pegmatile |
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5 placer ore deposits |
Alluvial placers Beach placers Eluvial placers aeolian placers Paleo- placers |
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The configuration of an area that pertains to elevation and slope variations and the irregularities of land surface. |
Relief |
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The water in river lakes, oceans, sea, Replenish naturally through precipitation |
Surface water |
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where the rock is directly open at the surface of the ground and groundwater is directly recharged, upper part |
Unconfined aquifer |
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Refers to the quality and intensity of light reglected from s mineral surface |
Luster |
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Brilliant, such as a cut of diamond |
Adamantine |
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Refers to the common or characteristic shape of a minerals |
Crystal form |
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The tendency of a crystalline substances to split into fragments |
Cleavage |
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The property of mineral breakin in s more or less rand pattern with no smooth planar surfaces |
Fracture |
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Refers to a mineral’s ability to transmit light |
Diaphaneity |
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German mineralogist |
Freidrich Mohs 1812 |
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Define as mineral's ability to resist scratching or obression |
Hardness |
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No significant reflective |
Dull |
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Glassy |
Vitreous |
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brilliant, such as a cut diamond |
Adamantine |
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appearance of resin or tree sap silky, slightly reflective |
Resinous |
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has sheen of a pear or inside of a shell |
Pearly |
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The luster of mineral which reflects light from its surface but does not shine like a METAL. |
Non metallic |
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A color of powder materials when you rub the mineral of unglazed |
Streak |
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the physical process of rubbing, scouring, or scraping whereby particles of rock (usually microscopic) are eroded away by friction. |
Abrasion |
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Surface water percent |
70-75% |
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Freshwater percent |
3% |
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Saturated -full of water formed groundwater |
Confined aquifer |
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boundary between the soil surface (unsaturated) and the area where saturates is called |
Water table |
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brings groundwater to the surface without pumping because it is under pressure within a body of rock and/or sediment known as an aquifer. |
Artesian well |
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Lang use acticity that have impact on the ground water |
Septic sewage |
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Is a reservoir or pool of magma within the upper mantle or lowercrust |
Magma Chamber |
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Refers to a process where only a portoon of the rocks within the Earth crust or mantle melts, leading to the formation of magma. |
Partial Melting |
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The removal of soluble materials in rocks or ore body through the percolation of water |
Leaching |
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Is an underground body of rock or sediment that serve as a storage reservoir for large volume of ground water |
Aquifer |
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It occupies Earth's cracks and pore spaces between bedrocks. |
Groundwater |
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Cause by the absorption of visible light by the bonds on the structure |
Colors |