Milady's Cosmetology Chapter 7 Basic Of Chemistry And Electricity

Front 1

Acid

Back 1

solution that has a pH below 7.0, tastes sour, and turns litmus paper from blue to red.

Front 2

active electrode

Back 2

electrode used on the area to be treated

Front 3

alcohol

Back 3

readily evaporating, colorless liquid obtained by the fermentation of starch, sugar, and other carbohydrates

Front 4

alkali

Back 4

solution that has a pH above 7.0, tastes bitter, and turns litmus paper from red to blue

Front 5

alkanolamines

Back 5

substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products; often used in place of ammonia

Front 6

alternating current (AC)

Back 6

rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction

Front 7

ammonia

Back 7

colorless gas with a pungent odor, composed of hydrogen and nitrogen; used as an alkalizing agent to raise the pH

Front 8

amp

Back 8

unit that measures the strength of an electric current (the number of electrons flowing through a wire)

Front 9

anaphoresis

Back 9

process of forcing liquids into the tissues from the negative pole

Front 10

anion

Back 10

ion with a negative electrical charge

Front 11

anode

Back 11

positive electrode

Front 12

atom

Back 12

the smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of that element

Front 13

blue light

Back 13

therapeutic light that should only be used on oily skin that is bare; contains few heat rays, is the least penetrating, and has some germicidal and chemical benefits.

Front 14

cataphoresis

Back 14

process of forcing acidic substances into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive toward the negative pole

Front 15

cathode

Back 15

negative electrode

Front 16

cation

Back 16

ion with a positive electrical charge

Front 17

chemical change

Back 17

change in the chemical composition of a substance, in which a new substance or substances are formed having properties different form the original

Front 18

chemical compounds

Back 18

combinations of two or more atoms of different elements united chemically with a fixed chemical composition, definite proportions, and distinct properties

Front 19

chemical properties

Back 19

those characteristics that can only be determined with a chemical reaction and that causes a chemical change in the identity of the substance

Front 20

chemistry

Back 20

science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter, and how matter change under different chemical conditions

Front 21

circuit breaker

Back 21

switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric at the first indication of overload

Front 22

combustion

Back 22

rapid oxidation of any substance, accompanied be the production of heat and light

Front 23

complete circuit

Back 23

the path of an electric current form the generating source through conductors and back to its original source

Front 24

compound molecules

Back 24

chemical combinations of two or more atoms of different elements

Front 25

conductor

Back 25

any substances, material, or medium that conducts electricty

Front 26

converter

Back 26

apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current

Front 27

direct current

Back 27

constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only and produces a chemical reaction

Front 28

desincrustation

Back 28

process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) and blackheads in the hair follicles

Front 29

electric current

Back 29

flow of electricity along a conductor

Front 30

eletricity

Back 30

form of energy that, when in motion, exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects; a flow of electrons

Front 31

electrode

Back 31

applicator for directing the electric current from the machine to the client's skin

Front 32

electromagnetic radiation

Back 32

also called radiant energy because if carries, or radiates, energy through space on waves

Front 33

electrotherapy

Back 33

electronic facial treatments

Front 34

element

Back 34

the simplest form of matter; cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without loss of identity

Front 35

elemental molecules

Back 35

molecules that contain two or more atoms of the same element that are united chemically

Front 36

emulsion

Back 36

mixture of two or more immiscible substances united with the aid of a binder or emulsifier

Front 37

exothermic

Back 37

characterized by or formed with the giving off of heat

Front 38

faradic current

Back 38

alternating and interrupted current that produces a mechanical reaction without a chemical effect

Front 39

fuse

Back 39

special device that prevents excessive current form passing through a circuit

Front 40

galvanic current

Back 40

constant and direct current (DC), having a positive and negative pole and producing chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body.

Front 41

glycerin

Back 41

sweet, colorless, oily substance formed by the decomposition of oils, fats, or fatty acids.

Front 42

hydrophilic

Back 42

capable of combining with or attracting water.

Front 43

immiscible

Back 43

not capable of being mixed

Front 44

inactive electrode

Back 44

opposite pole from the active electrode

Front 45

infrared rays

Back 45

invisible rays that have long wavelengths, penetrate the deepest, and produce the most heat

Front 46

inorganic chemistry

Back 46

branch of chemistry dealing with compounds lacking carbon

Front 47

insulator or nonconductor

Back 47

substance that does not easily transmit electricity

Front 48

ion

Back 48

atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

Front 49

ionization

Back 49

the separating of a substance into ions

Front 50

iontophoresis

Back 50

process of introducing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current such as the use of the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine

Front 51

watt

Back 51

measurement of how much electric energy is being used in one second

Front 52

pH

Back 52

relative degree of acidity and alkalinity of a substance