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31 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Strata |
Layers of rock, representing various periods of deposition |
Ch 8 |
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Taphonomy |
The study of the deposition of plant or animal remains and the environmental conditions affecting their preservation |
Ch 8 |
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Sedimentary |
Rock formed when the deposition of sediments create distinct layers, or strata |
Ch 8 |
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Eras |
Major divisions of geologic time that are divided into periods and further subdivided into epochs |
Ch 8 |
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Paleozoic |
The first major era of geologic time 570-230 May, during which fish, reptiles, and insects first appeared |
Ch8 |
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Epochs |
The second major era of geologic time 230-66 mya, characterized by the emergence and extinction of dinosaurs |
Ch8 |
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Cenozoic |
The era lasting from 66 mya until the present, encompassing the radiation snd proliferation of mammals such as humans and other primates |
Ch8 |
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Epochs |
Divisions of periods (which are the major divisions of eras) in geologic time |
Ch8 |
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Pangaea |
A hypothetical landmass in which all the continents were joined, approximately 300-200 mya |
Ch8 |
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Tectonic |
Refers to various structures on Earth’s surface, such as the continental plates |
Ch8 |
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Fl |
The principle that the lower the stratum or layer, the older its age; the oldest are at the bottom, and the youngest are at the top |
Ch8 |
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Stratigraphic correlation |
The process of of matching up strata from several sites through the analysis of chemical, physical, and other properties |
Ch8 |
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Fluorine dating |
A relative (chemical) dating method that compares the accumulation of fluorine in animals and human bones from the same site |
Ch 8 |
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Chemical dating |
Dating methods that use predictable chemical changes that occur over time |
Ch8 |
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Biostratigraphic dating |
A relative dating method that used the associations of fossils in strata to determine each layers approximately age |
Ch8 |
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Index fossils |
Fossils that are from specified time ranges are found in multiple locations and can be used to determine the age of associated strata |
Ch8 |
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Cultural dating |
Relative dating methods that are based on material remains time spans |
Ch8 |
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Pebble toolsradiocarbon |
The earliest stone tools, in which simple flakes were knocked off to produce an edge used for cutting and scraping |
Ch8 |
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Iso |
A chronometer I’ve dating method that uses a tree-ring count to determine numerical age |
Ch8 |
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Radiocarbon dating |
The radio metric dating method in which the ration of 14C to 12C is measured to provide an absolute date for a material younger than 50,000 years |
Ch8 |
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Isotopes |
Two or more forms of a chemical element that have the same number of protein but vary in the number of neutrons |
Ch8 |
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Igneous |
Rock formed from the crystallization of molten magma, which contains the radioisotopes 40K; used in potassium-argon dating |
Ch8 |
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Racemization r |
The chemical reaction resulting in the conversion of L amino acids to D amino acids for amino acid dating |
Ch8 |
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P |
The time it takes for half of the radioisotopes in a substance to decay; used in various radiometric dating methods |
Ch8 |
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Radiopotassium dating |
The radiometric dating method in which the ratio of 40K to 40Ar is measured to provide an absolute date for a material older than 200,000 years |
Ch8 |
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Paleomagnetic dating |
An absolute dating method based on the reversal of Earth’s magnetic field |
Ch8 |
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Electric Spin resonance dating |
An absolute dating method that uses microwave spectroscopy to measure electrons spin in various materials |
Ch8 |
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Thermoluminescence dating |
A dating method in which the energy trapped in a material is measured when the object is heated |
Ch8 |
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C4 |
Marine protozoans that have variably shaped shells with small holes |
Ch8 |
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C3 plants |
Plants that take in carbon through c3 photosynthesis, which changes carbon dioxide into a compound having three carbon atoms; tending to be from more temperature regions, these plants include wheat, sugar beets, peas, and a range of hardwood trees |
Ch8 |
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C4 plants |
Plants that take in carbon through c4 photosynthesis, which changes carbon dioxide into a compound with four carbon atoms; these plants tend to be from warmer regions with low humidity and include corn, sugarcane, millet, and prickly pear |
Ch8 |
