Midterm Review Science Grade 7

Front 1

The powerhouse of the cell

Back 1

Mitochondria

Front 2

control center of cell

Back 2

nucleus

Front 3

During DNA replication, adenine always pairs with

Back 3

Thymine

Front 4

During DNA replication, cytosine always pairs with

Back 4

Guanine

Front 5

The stage of respiration that releases most of the energy in glucose occurs in the

Back 5

Mitochondria

Front 6

During this process, glucose is broken down, releasing energy.

Back 6

Respiration

Front 7

During this process, the cell uses the energy in sunlight to make food.

Back 7

Photosynthesis

Front 8

The energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen is called this

Back 8

Fermentation

Front 9

In this stage of the cell cycle the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei.

Back 9

Mitosis

Front 10

This is a disease in which cells grow and divide uncontrollably.

Back 10

Cancer

Front 11

A mass of abnormal cells.

Back 11

Tumor

Front 12

This captures energy from sunlight during photosynthesis.

Back 12

Chlorophyll

Front 13

Carbon dioxide enters plants through this.

Back 13

Stomata

Front 14

During what stage of the cell cycle does replication occur?

Back 14

Interphase

Front 15

What is copied during replication?

Back 15

The cell's DNA

Front 16

Identical strands of chromosomes

Back 16

Chromatids

Front 17

The stage of the cell cycle that follows mitosis is called this.

Back 17

Cytokinesis

Front 18

This controls what enters and leaves the cell

Back 18

Cell membrane

Front 19

This organelle converts energy from food molecules into energy the cell can use.

Back 19

Mitochondria

Front 20

All organic compounds contain this element.

Back 20

Carbon

Front 21

Most chemical reactions in cells require these molecules.

Back 21

Water

Front 22

Refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

Back 22

Diffusion

Front 23

Refers to the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.

Back 23

Osmosis

Front 24

Refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy.

Back 24

Passive Transport

Front 25

Refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane by using the cell’s energy.

Back 25

Active Transport

Front 26

These speed up chemical reactions.

Back 26

Enzymes

Front 27

Protects and supports plant cells.

Back 27

Cell wall

Front 28

Which organelles store food and other materials needed by the cell?

Back 28

Vacuole

Front 29

Which organelles release chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones?

Back 29

Lysosomes

Front 30

Sugar molecules can combine with one another to form large molecules called this.

Back 30

Startches

Front 31

When two or more elements combine chemically, they form this.

Back 31

Compounds

Front 32

In Mendel’s experiments, what proportion of the plants in the F2 generation had a trait that had been absent in the F1 generation?

Back 32

One forth

Front 33

Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait this.

Back 33

Hybrid

Front 34

This shows all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross

Back 34

Punnett Square

Front 35

If a homozygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur?

Back 35

100%

Front 36

An organism’s physical appearance

Back 36

Phenotype

Front 37

Different forms of a gene

Back 37

Alleles

Front 38

Genetic makeup or allele combination

Back 38

Genotype

Front 39

Two identical alleles for a trait

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Homozygous

Front 40

Two different alleles for a trait

Back 40

Heterozygous

Front 41

A change in an organism’s surroundings that causes it to react

Back 41

Stimulus

Front 42

Maintaining stable internal conditions

Back 42

Homeostasis

Front 43

The scientific study of how living things are classified

Back 43

Taxonomy

Front 44

Broadest classification level

Back 44

Domain

Front 45

The source of energy for most autotrophs is

Back 45

Sun

Front 46

An organism that makes its own food is called

Back 46

Autotroph

Front 47

The products of respiration are energy, carbon dioxide, and

Back 47

Water

Front 48

A change in DNA is called

Back 48

Mutation

Front 49

The most common treatments for cancer include drugs, surgery, and

Back 49

Radiation

Front 50

A form of treatment in which drugs destroy cancer cells is called

Back 50

Chemotherapy

Front 51

During cytokinesis in plant cells, this forms across the middle of the cell.

Back 51

Cell plate

Front 52

These are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

Back 52

Cells

Front 53

Produce proteins in cells

Back 53

Ribosomes

Front 54

Sugars and starches are examples of organic compounds known as this.

Back 54

Carbohydrates

Front 55

DNA and RNA belong to the group of organic compounds known as

Back 55

Nucleic Acids

Front 56

These small molecules make up proteins.

Back 56

Amino Acids

Front 57

Offspring of many generations of organisms that have the same trait.

Back 57

Purebred

Front 58

In a cross between two hybrid Tt pea plants, this percent of the offspring will be Tt.

Back 58

50%

Front 59

Alleles that are neither dominant nor recessive produce an inheritance pattern known as

Back 59

Codominance

Front 60

The process of grouping things based on similarities is called

Back 60

Classification

Front 61

The first word in an organism’s scientific name

Back 61

Genus

Front 62

10 cm equals how many mm

Back 62

100 mm

Front 63

412 km equals how many m?

Back 63

412,000 m

Front 64

11 mm equals how many cm?

Back 64

1.1 cm

Front 65

0.23 L equals how many mL?

Back 65

230 mL

Front 66

0.0005 kg equals how many cg?

Back 66

50 cg

Front 67

0 L equals how many mL?

Back 67

0 mL

Front 68

41 g equals how many cg?

Back 68

4100 cg

Front 69

1 L equals how many mL?

Back 69

1000 mL

Front 70

Unscramble the term

smtiios

Back 70

mitosis

Front 71

Unscramble the term

iessomi

Back 71

meiosis

Front 72

2.2 kg equals how many g?

Back 72

2200 g

Front 73

Anaphase

Back 73

Name the stage of mitosis

Front 74

Metaphase

Back 74

Name the stage of mitosis

Front 75

Structure that holds two chromatids together

Back 75

Centromere

Front 76

A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur

Back 76

Probability

Front 77

This theory states that genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes.

Back 77

Chromosome theory of inheritance

Front 78

He discovered that grasshopper sex cells have half the number of chromosomes found in the body cells.

Back 78

Sutton

Front 79

Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed into new sex cells during this process.

Back 79

Meiosis

Front 80

Proteins are made of these

Back 80

Amino Acids

Front 81

During protein synthesis this copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm

Back 81

Messenger RNA

Front 82

A term that refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics

Back 82

Traits

Front 83

During protein synthesis this will carry amino acids and add them to the growing protein

Back 83

Transfer RNA

Front 84

This is where protein synthesis occurs in the cell

Back 84

Cytoplasm

Front 85

Which nitrogen base in RNA is NOT part of DNA?

Back 85

Uracil

Front 86

These make up chromosomes

Back 86

Genes

Front 87

The substitution of one base for another during DNA replication is an example of

Back 87

A mutation

Front 88

Codominance or Incomplete Dominance

Blood type

Back 88

Codominance

Front 89

If a mother has type A blood and the father has type B blood this will be the child's blood type.

Back 89

Type AB

Front 90

If a mother has type A blood and the father has type O blood this will be the child's blood type.

Back 90

Type A

Front 91

Blood type that is the Universal Donor

Back 91

Type O

Front 92

Blood type that is the Universal Acceptor

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Type AB

Front 93

Codominance or Incomplete Dominance

A white flower and a red flower produce pink flowers

Back 93

Incomplete dominance

Front 94

DNA stands for this

Back 94

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Front 95

RNA stand for this

Back 95

Ribonucleic Acid

Front 96

Unscramble the word

eeldnm

Back 96

Mendel

Front 97

Unscramble the word

ooorcmmhse

Back 97

Chromosome

Front 98

Male sex cell

Back 98

Sperm

Front 99

Female sex cell

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Egg

Front 100

The order of nitrogen bases along a gene

Back 100

Genetic Code