Midterm Biology Study Guide

Front 1

All of the following are scientific principles that underlie scientific Inquiry EXCEPT:

Back 1

Natural selection

Front 2

WHich is wrong about scientific theories?

Back 2

Firmly established and cannot be refuted

Front 3

The scientific method includes all of the following except

Back 3

a testable theory

Front 4

Scientific theory:

Back 4

General explanation for a natural phenomenon

Front 5

All of the following are features of the scientific method except

Back 5

supernatral causes

Front 6

Suppose you are testing a treatment for aids patients and find that 75% respond very well whereas 25% show no improvement or decline in health you should

Back 6

Discontinue experimentation

Front 7

Alexander fleming observed a colony of mold that inhibited the growth of nearby bacteria, which of the following was his hypothesis

Back 7

Mold produced substance that killed nearby bacteria

Front 8

Which is a correct sequence of increasing organization

Back 8

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Front 9

Francesco redi designed an experiment to test the notion of spontaneous generation. He left the first jar of meat open to the air and the second jar covered, what's the first jar called

Back 9

control

Front 10

A good experiment should include as many variable at the same time

Back 10

False

Front 11

What changes in every rate of evolution

Back 11

Genetic makeup

Front 12

Mutation is essential for

Back 12

Natural selection

Front 13

An organism's ability to maintain its internal stability while external environment changes

Back 13

homeostatsis

Front 14

The main difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph is

Back 14

how they obatin energy

Front 15

A substance with specific properties that cannot be broken down or converted into different substances is called

Back 15

element

Front 16

Polar covalent bonds form when

Back 16

Electrons are shared unequally

Front 17

A single covalent bond represents the sharing of how many electrons

Back 17

3

Front 18

A hydrogen bond forms between two water molecules forms because water is

Back 18

polar

Front 19

How do buffers work

Back 19

Accept and release hydrogen

Front 20

What type of bond is disrupted in aquatic solutions

Back 20

ionic

Front 21

Which of the following represents a molecule characterised by polar covalent bonding

Back 21

h20

Front 22

An atom's nucleus is composed of

Back 22

protons and neutrons

Front 23

A substance with specific properties that cannot be broken down or converted into another:

Back 23

element

Front 24

The atomic number of an atom can be described as:

Back 24

The number of protons in the nucleus

Front 25

For an atom to achieve maximum stability and become chemically inert, what must happen?

Back 25

its outermost energy level must be filled

Front 26

The formation of ions involves the:

Back 26

gain or loss of electrons

Front 27

The formation of sodium chloride is the result of:

Back 27

Attraction between opposite charges

Front 28

Most biological molecules are formed by:

Back 28

covanlent bonds

Front 29

Scientists recommend a diet rich in antioxidants. WHat happens at the atomic level to explain this recommendation?

Back 29

ANtioxidants stop the chain reaction of cellular damage caused by free radicals

Front 30

WHat best explains why a particular atom may not form compounds readily

Back 30

The atom’s outermost energy levels are completely full

Front 31

What does H-O-H represent?

Back 31

a molecule of water

Front 32

Polar covalent bonds form when:

Back 32

Electrons are shared unequally between atoms

Front 33

What represents a molecule characterized by polar covalent bonding:

Back 33

h20

Front 34

The hydrogen bond between two water molecules forms because water is:

Back 34

polar

Front 35

What is an accurate description of water molecules:

Back 35

slightly charged and polar

Front 36

What is an example of hydrogen bonding?

Back 36

The bond between O of the one water molecule and H of the second

Front 37

What best explains the attraction of water molecules to each other?

Back 37

hydrogen bond

Front 38

What is not a feature of prokaryotic cells

Back 38

a nuclear membrane

Front 39

Phospholipids are

Back 39

found in all cell membranes

Front 40

All cells possess all of the following except

Back 40

nuclear membrane

Front 41

The phospholipids that make up the plasma membrane have _____ heads and _____ tails

Back 41

Hydrophilic; hydrophobic

Front 42

What primarily determines the shape of animal cells that lack cell walls

Back 42

Cytoskeleton

Front 43

Which of the following does not possess a double membrane

Back 43

ribosome

Front 44

A nucleolus is

Back 44

An area in the nucleus where ribosomes are made

Front 45

The correct pathway of information flow in a cell

Back 45

dna, rna protein

Front 46

If all the lysosomes within the cell suddenly ruptured what would occur

Back 46

The biological molecules in the cell would begin to degrade

Front 47

The golgi apparatus package materials into ____ for transport and export

Back 47

vesicles

Front 48

The statement that accurately describes the interactions among er, ribosomes, and golgi bodies in exporting protein from the cell

Back 48

Ribosomes manufacture proteins which travel through the er and are packaged by the golgi bodies for export

Front 49

The formation of atp in the mitochondria which is an oxygen-dependant reaction is called

Back 49

aerobic metabolism

Front 50

Mitochondria and chloroplasts share all of the following except that they

Back 50

Capture the energy of sunlight to meet metabolic demands

Front 51

Which pair or organelles is responsible for supplying energy to eukaryotic cells

Back 51

Chloroplasts and mitochondria

Front 52

Which of the following is capable of converting light energy into chemical energy

Back 52

chloroplasts

Front 53

Which of the following cell structures is not found in a bacterial cell

Back 53

er

Front 54

The small circular loops of dna in prokaryotic cells that are separate from the main chromosome and may harbour genes are called

Back 54

plasmids

Front 55

Compounds in the biological membrane that form a barrier to the movement of materials across the membrane are

Back 55

lipids

Front 56

The ____ portion of the cell membrane is responsible for the isolating function of the membrane while the _____ portion regulates exchange and communication with the environment

Back 56

lipid;protein

Front 57

Phospholipids spontaneously form a bilayer in an aqueous solution, why do the heads of the phospholipids point out and the tails point towards one another

Back 57

The tails are repelled by the aqueous environment

Front 58

Recognition proteins are most important for

Back 58

Distinguishing foreign cells from “self” cells

Front 59

The main lipids found in the cell membrane are

Back 59

phospholipids

Front 60

Which groups have carrier and channel proteins

Back 60

transport proteins

Front 61

Which aren't found in membrane

Back 61

cellulose

Front 62

Which type of membrane protein connect cell to each other

Back 62

attachment proteins

Front 63

Net movement of molecules from high to low concentration

Back 63

simple diffusion

Front 64

For diffusion to occur there must be

Back 64

gradient

Front 65

In diffusion passive means

Back 65

no energy required

Front 66

Which occurs as enzyme is secreted from cell

Back 66

exocytosis

Front 67

Freshwater paramecium tends to _______ bc it is in a ______ environment

Back 67

gain water; hypotonic

Front 68

Gases O2 and CO2 enter and leave the plant cell by

Back 68

Simple diffusion

Front 69

Active transport requires

Back 69

auqaporins

Front 70

Process where WHITE blood cells engulf bacteria is

Back 70

phagocytosis

Front 71

If a frog cell is in a hypotonic solution it will

Back 71

Swell via osmosis

Front 72

Which requires adenosine triphosphate

Back 72

active transport

Front 73

Secretion of excess water via a vesicle of paramecium is an example of

Back 73

exocytosis

Front 74

Cytoplasm of a certain cell like a neuron has high concentration of K ions. How can K still enter cell

Back 74

active trasnport

Front 75

After a dye diffuses uniformly throughout a glass of water, the dye molecules are no longer moving

Back 75

false

Front 76

Light reactions produce

Back 76

atp, nadh and Co2

Front 77

Where does the O2 released during photosynthesis come from

Back 77

h2o

Front 78

During the process of photosynthesis solar energy is converted to

Back 78

chemical energy

Front 79

Hydrogen ions cross the thylakoid membranes from the stroma by

Back 79

active trasnport

Front 80

In the C3 pathway where does the carbon come from to form glucose

Back 80

Atmospheric CO2

Front 81

What happens to CO2 when it moves into the stromas

Back 81

It becomes a carb

Front 82

The term cycle is used in the calvin cycle bcuz

Back 82

The process begins and ends with RUBP

Front 83

During photosynthesis when is CO2 utilized

Back 83

during the calvin cycle only

Front 84

The pigment that absorbs red and blue light and deflects green is

Back 84

chlorophyll

Front 85

Which statement is true regarding the light reactions

Back 85

Without water the system would shut down

Front 86

What stryctyral featyre of a leaf enables it to obtain CO2 from the air

Back 86

stomata

Front 87

Which seuence accurately describes the flow of electrons in photosynthesis

Back 87

H20, photosystem 2, photosystem 1, NADPH

Front 88

Suppose that you are experimenting for different types of light for your indoor green plants. Which of the following colors of light will be most effective

Back 88

Red-blue

Front 89

What kind of habitat does a C4 plant favor

Back 89

hot dry

Front 90

Which of the following occurs during the calvin cycle of photosynthesis

Back 90

Carbon dioxide is converted to chemicals that can be used to make sugars

Front 91

The energy in photosynthesis is

Back 91

visible light

Front 92

Carbon dioxide is required in the light reactions of photosynthesis

Back 92

false

Front 93

Which of the following statements is true about the light reactions

Back 93

Photosystem 2 generates ATP, while photosystem 1 generates NADPH

Front 94

What is produced in the electron transport system associated with photosystem 2

Back 94

atp

Front 95

All of the following factors influence the rate of photosynthesis

Back 95

atmospheric N2 levels

Front 96

The majority of the leaf’s chloroplasts are found in mesophyll cells

Back 96

true

Front 97

Which process of photosynthesis is linked to the production of ATP

Back 97

splitting up a water molecule

Front 98

All of the following compounds are necessary constituents for photosynthesis except

Back 98

oxygen

Front 99

The role of water in photosynthesis is to

Back 99

provide electrons

Front 100

The replacement electrons for the reaction center of photosystem 2 come from

Back 100

h20

Front 101

The NADPH required for carbon dioxide fixation is formed

Back 101

during light reactions

Front 102

The products of photosynthesis are

Back 102

Glucose and oxygen

Front 103

At the end of gylcolysis the original carbons of the glucose molecule form

Back 103

two molecules of pyruvate

Front 104

The main function of cleluar respiration is to produce:

Back 104

atp

Front 105

If no oxygen is available to the cell then the net ATP production of a single glucose moleculte is

Back 105

two atp

Front 106

Which events occurs in the fluid portion of the cytoplasm of a cell undergoing glucose metabolism

Back 106

Glycolysis

Front 107

During glycolysis what is the net gain of ATP molecules from one glucose

Back 107

2

Front 108

Where does the synthesis of pyruvate occur during glycolysis

Back 108

Fluid portion of the cytoplasm

Front 109

The end product of glycolysis is

Back 109

2 pyruvate

Front 110

During glycolysis two ATP molecules are spent in order to convert glucose to the highly reactive molecule

Back 110

Fructose bisphosphate

Front 111

The products of glycolysis are

Back 111

Atp nadh and pyruvate

Front 112

During which step of aerobic respiration in oxygen used

Back 112

etc

Front 113

Which of the follwing is an example of an electron-carrier molecule

Back 113

nadh

Front 114

The electron transport chain recieves electrons directly from

Back 114

NADH and FADH2

Front 115

Chemiosmosis in mitochondria directly results in the synthesis of

Back 115

atp

Front 116

What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration

Back 116

oxygen

Front 117

In the matrix oxygen combines with _____ to form _____

Back 117

Electrons and hydrogen ions; water

Front 118

Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration because oxygen

Back 118

Combines electrons and hydrogen ions to form water

Front 119

The step in aerobic respiration that produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose

Back 119

chemiosmosis

Front 120

Which of the following most closely matches the correct order of the main events of cellular respiration

Back 120

Glycolysis, kreb cycle, ETC, major ATP prodyction

Front 121

The products of the kreb cycle includeThe products of the kreb cycle include

Back 121

ATP, Carbon dioxide, and energy carriers

Front 122

What makes the most ATP

Back 122

ETC

Front 123

When oxygen is present

Back 123

Most animal cells utilize cellular respiration

Front 124

Which of the following process requires oxygen

Back 124

etc

Front 125

After fermentation lactate is converted to pyruvate in the

Back 125

liver

Front 126

In human muscle cells fermentation produces

Back 126

lactate

Front 127

Carbon dioxide is a wate product of cellular respiration

Back 127

true

Front 128

Chemiosmosis links a a hydrogen ion gradient to the production of ATP

Back 128

true

Front 129

Glycolysis and the kreb cycle reactions occur in the mitochondria

Back 129

false

Front 130

Which does not happen during meosis

Back 130

Production of diploid cells

Front 131

Which of the following is a concequence of sexual reproduction as compared to asexual

Back 131

There will be more diversity

Front 132

Sister chromatids move away from eachother during

Back 132

anaphase

Front 133

The main function of meiosis 2 is to

Back 133

Seperate sister chromatids during anaphase

Front 134

Homologous chromosomes pair up during

Back 134

meiosis 1

Front 135

Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction

Back 135

Reshuffling of genes combines alleles in beneficial ways

Front 136

Chromosome number is reduced in meiosis bcuz the process consists of

Back 136

Two cell divisions and a single round of chrmosome replication

Front 137

In a haploid daughter cell produced by meiosis the homologous chromosomes have

Back 137

seperated

Front 138

If an organism carries a mutation that prevents crossing over which of the following would happen

Back 138

The gametes would lower in genetic diversity

Front 139

During cell division all of the following all of the follwoing occur except

Back 139

The hereditary information is identical in both parent and daughter cells

Front 140

The dna in a chrmosome most resembles

Back 140

spiral staircase

Front 141

The repeating sequence of cells dividing growing and dividing again is called

Back 141

the cell cycle

Front 142

Each of your body cells:

Back 142

Contains only the genetic information needed for that type of cell

Front 143

A bacterial cell splitinto two new cells by a process called

Back 143

Binary fission

Front 144

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic chrmosomes differ

Back 144

Prokaryotic chromsomes are not contained in membrane bound organelles

Front 145

In a typical human body cell how many sex chrmosomes are there

Back 145

2

Front 146

During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does DNA and chrmosome replication occur

Back 146

s phase of interphase

Front 147

during which phase of eukaryotic cell cylce do growth and nutrient getting occur

Back 147

The G1 phase of interphase

Front 148

150. Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in mitotic cell division

Back 148

prophase -metaphase-anaphase-telophase

Front 149

During whichphase of mitosis do sister chromatids seperate from each other

Back 149

anaphase

Front 150

during which phase of mitosis do chrmosomes condesnse

Back 150

prophase

Front 151

Nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis

Back 151

telophase

Front 152

In animal cells spindle microtubules originate from structures called

Back 152

centrioles