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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is health? |
-a complete state of well-being -NOT merely the absence of disease or infirmity. -This state of optimum health is called "wellness" |
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What are the areas of focus in health psychology? |
1. health promotion and maintenance 2. prevention and treatment illness 3. etiology (causes) & correlations of health, illness & dysfunction 4. improving the health care system and formulating health policy |
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things health psychology is devoted to understanding |
-how people stay healthy -why people become ill -when people respond when they do become ill -promotion and maintenance -prevention and treatment of illness -etiology and correlates of health, illness, and dysfunction -improvement of the health care system and the formation of health policy |
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health care services |
-largest service industry in the U.S. -health psychologists mainly emphasizing on prevention has the potential of reducing health care costs |
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2 models of care |
-biomedical -biopsychosocial
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Biomedical model |
-very reductionistic -focus on the illness -all illness can be explained on the basis of aberrant somatic processes |
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BioPsychoSocial |
-focus on the system and interplay -wholistic and integrative |
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What are health behaviors? |
-behaviors to enhance or maintain their health |
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What are health habits? |
-firmly established, performed automatically -health habits begin in childhood, stablize ages 11 or 12 -poor habits become ingrained and difficult to change |
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4 ways to change health behaviors |
-socialization -teachable moment -window of vulnerability -early identification |
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socialization |
-when you are with a healthy person, you are also influenced to be health |
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teachable moment |
-moments in life you are receptive to learn -eg, at dentist you learn to brush more |
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window of vulnerability |
-at certain time, people are more vulnerable to certain healthy problems -eg, car accidents |
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health promotion |
-changing behavior at multiple levels |
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4 individual-oriented models |
-health belief model -theory of reasoned action/planned behavior -cognitive behavioral/social cognition theories -stages of change/transtheoretical model |
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health belief model |
1. perceived susceptibility of a problem and perceived seriousness of consequences of problem 2. Perceived benefits of specific action; perceived barrier to taking action 3. perceived threat 4. outcome expectations 5. Self-efficacy (perceived ability to carry out recommended action) |
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planned action |
-attitude -subjective norm -perceived behavioral control -intention -behavior |
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stages of change model/transtheoretical model |
-pre-contemplation -contempation -preparation -action -maintenance -relapse |
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determinants of performing health-enhancing behaviors |
-if schedules are erratic, motivation wanes -individual characteristics: gender, health history, social support, self-efficacy and motivation (eg, being athletic) -characteristics of the setting: convenient and accessible settings predict adherence |
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cancer-related health behaviors |
-breast cancer -testicular cancer -early detection is key -melanoma (skin cancer) |
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resistance to modifying diet |
-appearance > health -maintaining is difficult: hard to alter diet -stress on eating: |
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Behaviors that share a window of vulnerability in adolescence |
-drinking to excess -smoking -illicit drug use -unsafe sex -risk-taking behaviors |