Middle Ages

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The period in European history between the end of the Roman Empire to the beginning of the modern era;the Middle Ages from around A.D.500 to A.D. 1500

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Middle Ages

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An economic and political system of Europe in the Middle Ages

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feudalism

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An important noble in the Middle Ages

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lord

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In the Middle Ages, a large piece of land granted by a king to a lord in exchange for his loyalty

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fief

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A person who, during the Middle Ages promised to fight for when he was needed by his lord in exchange for land

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vassal

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A person who was bound to live and work on the land of a noble

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serf

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A large self-sufficient farming estate where nobles and serfs lived and worked

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manor

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A son of a noble who was a trained soldier and military service in exchange for the right to own land

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knight

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A religious community in which monks live simple lives of work and prayer

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monastery

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A relious community in which nuns lead simple lives of work and prayer

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convent

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A religious woman who lives in a convent and worships gods with other nuns

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nun

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A religious man who lives in a monastery and worships gods with other monks

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monk

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According to Roman Catholic teachingss a man or woman believed to be especially holy

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saint

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A large and elaborate christian church; many of the greatest cathedrals were built during the Middle Ages in Europe

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cathedral

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A journey to a holy place for a religious purpose

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pilgrimage

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A series of "holy wars" in the Middle Ages in which European Christians attempted to recapture the Holy Land(Palestine)from Muslims

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Crusades

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The buying and selling of goods

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commerce

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An organization of people such as weavers and shoemakers, who practiced the same craft, formed to set standards and promote the interests of the craft

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guild

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A person who lived and worked, without pay, with a master craftsmen in order to learn a trade

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apprentice

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A person in the Middle Ages who had completed his apprenticeship and was payed for his work

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journeyman

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A formal document setting forth the goals and principles of an organization

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charter

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A document drawn up by English nobles in 1215 that spelled out certain rights and limted the king's power

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Magna Carta

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A period of cultural and artistic flowering in Europe that began in Italy around 1350 and eventually spread throughout Europe

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Renaissance

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The literature of ancient Greece and Rome

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classics

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A person who uses his or her money or influence to support another person such as an artist or a writer

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patron

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1304-1374 Italian poet and scholar whoes interest in ancient literature helped spark the Renaissance

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Petrarch

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1449-1492 Renaissance patron of the arts

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Lorenzo de Medici

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1452-1519 Renaissance painter and inventor from Italy; creator of the Mona Lisa

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Leonardo Da Vinci

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1475-1564 Italian Renaissance artist;created the Pieta and the paintings of the Sistine Chapel

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Michelangelo

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The study of the planets, stars, and other heavenly bodies

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astronomy

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1642-1727 Englishmen who discovered the law of gravity; found final proof of the heliocentric theory

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Isaac Newton

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1563-1642 Italian scientist who used a telescope to prove that the heliocentric theory was correct

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Galileo

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1473-1543 Polish astronomer whose observations led him to develop the heliocentric theory

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Copernicus

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Based on Copernicus's ideas, the idea that the earth and other planets moved around the sun

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heliocentric theory

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An instrument for making distant objects, such as heavenly bodies appear nearer and larger

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telescope

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The force that causes to be pulled toward the center of the earth

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gravity

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A device showing the direction of the magnetic north that is used to find geographical direction

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compass

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A sailing vessel developed in Europe which because of its large size and triangular sails, allowed Europeans to safely sail greater distances

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caravel

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1254-1324 Italian merchant who journeyed to China

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Marco Polo

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1215-1294 Ruler of the Mongol Empire from 1260-1294

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Kublai Khan

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1394-1460 Prince of Portugal; founded a school for sailors

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Henry the Navigator

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1450-1500 The first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa

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Bartholomeu Dias

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1469-1542 Portuguese navigator who discovered an all-water route to the Indies

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Vasco Da Gama

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1446-1506 Italian explorer who arrived in the Americas in 1492

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Christopher Columbus

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The idea that the earth was the center of the universe and that the sun, stars, and planets revolved around the earth

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geocentric theory