Mid-Term Study Guide

Front 1

Health Behavior

Back 1

Refers those personal attributes such as beliefs, values, expectations, perception, and other cognitive elements; personality characteristics, including effective and emotional states and traits; overt behavior patterns, actions and habits that relate to health maintenance, to health restoration and health improvement.

Front 2

Episodic

Back 2

Seeking medical treatment during episodes when ill or injured

Front 3

Preventive Medicine

Back 3

Identifying risk factors to lower the risk of illness

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Family History Related to Health

Back 4

www.hhs.gov/familyhistory

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Morbidity

Back 5

Pertaining to illness and disease

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Mortality

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Pertaining to death

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Risk Factor

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A biomedical index such as serum cholesterol level or a behavioral pattern such as smoking, associated with a chronic disease

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High Risk Behavior

Back 8

A behavioral pattern, such as smoking, associated with a high risk of developing a chronic illness

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Intrinsic

Back 9

Inside the body

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Extrinsic

Back 10

Outside the body

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Empowerment

Back 11

Gain more self control over one's health perspective (i.e., drug prevention within communities at risk)

Front 12

Physical

Back 12

Body wt, sight, strength,coordination, endurance, susceptibility to disease

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Emotional

Back 13

See the world in realistic manner, cope with stress, remain flexible, resolve conflict

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Spiritual

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Religious and/or personal beliefs, need and willingness to serve others, understanding human behavior

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Social

Back 15

Social skills and cultural sensitivity

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Occupational

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Human behavior in the workplace

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Intellectual

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Ability to analyze, synthesize, hypothesize and act on information

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Environmental

Back 18

Land, air, and water

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Holistic Health

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A requirement of health that moves beyond the cure/prevention of illness and the postponement of death

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Factors that influence a person to change health behaviors

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Behaviors must be associated with a health problem

Belief must exist that the behavior causes the health problem

Knowledge that risk prevention-intervention programs exist and can be effective

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Wellness

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The unlocking of our potential through the adoption of an overall wellness lifestyle. Gathering information through counseling, assessments and lifestyle modification strategies, leading to a desirable change in the recipients' overall lifestyle

Front 22

Health

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Absence of disease, actions related to mortality and morbidity

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Physical Fitness

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Attributes that allow the ability to perform physical activity

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Physical Activity

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Bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle groups

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Exercise

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Sub-category of physical activity; structured, repetitive, and purposive towards maintaining or improving fitness levels

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Aerobic Exercise

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activity requiring oxygen for energy production

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Anaerobic Exercise

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Activity NOT requiring oxygen for energy production

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Components of Physical Fitness

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Cardio-respiratory endurance

Muscular strength

Muscular endurance

Flexibility

Body composition

Front 29

Cardiorespiratory Endurance

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Ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to process and transport oxygen over a period of time

Front 30

Muscular Fitness

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Ability of skeletal muscles to perform contractions

Front 31

Strength

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Ability to perform at our near its maximum for a short period of time

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Endurance

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Ability for muscle group to repeatedly contract over a long period of time

Front 33

Overload Principle

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Gradually increasing the resistance can lead to increased muscular strength and endurance

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Isometric

Back 34

Same measure

Front 35

Isotonic

Back 35

Full range of motion, progressive resistance

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Isokinetic

Back 36

Speed accommodates the movements of the exercises- expensive computerized dynamometers

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Osteoporosis

Back 37

Loss of calcium from bone is more evident in middle-aged women

Front 38

Osteoarthritis

Back 38

(Wear and tear inflammation) upon weight bearing joints related to years of friction

Front 39

Surgeon General's Report

Back 39

www.cdc.gov (health promotion-PA)

Recommends that all Americans be moderately active on most or all days of the week and also perform resistance training

A goal of expending 150 calories per day or 1000 calories per week is recommended

Front 40

ACSM

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American College of Sports Medicine

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Warm-Up

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(slow gradual increased of movement 10-15 minutes leading into stretching)

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Conditioning Workout

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(cardiorespiratory endurance, strength training, and flexibility regime following ACSM guidelines)

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Cool-Down

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(return the body to a resting state in 5-10 minutes, i.e., walking, stretching, etc.)

Front 44

Where to find information

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Professional Journals and Government Documentary

Front 45

What is Health Promotion?

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Getting checked up

Pros- Longer and better quality of life

Reducing incidence of illness

Feeling better

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Holistic

Back 46

Looks at all concepts

Front 47

Prevalence

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Number of people with the disease

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Incidence

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Annual diagnosis rate or the number of new cases

www.wrongdiagnosis.com/copd/prevalence.htm

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Chronic Disease

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A disease that pro-longs throughout the life

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Difference Between Type 1 and Type 2?

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Type 1 appears in childhood (doesn't produce insulin)

Type 2 appears in adulthood (over produce insulin)

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Nutrients

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Elements necessary for growth, energy, and repair of tissues

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Carohydrates

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Chemical compound composed of sugar units

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Fats

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Long term energy, insulation, carrier of certain vitamins, and feeling of satiety (fullness)

Front 54

Kcal Value of Fats?

Back 54

9 kcal/grams

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Saturated Fat

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Increases the amount of cholesterol in blood

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Monounsaturated Fat

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Does not increase the blood cholesterol level and may decrease it (olive oil and peanut oil provide monounsaturated fat)

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Polyunsaturated Fat

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Decreases BCL

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Trans fat

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Chemically altered through a process called hydrogenation and increase LDL cholesterol.

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What is Cholesterol?

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White fat-like substance found in cells of animal origin

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Function of Cholesterol

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Synthesizes cell membranes, forms hormones, and bile

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Protein functions

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Growth and repair of tissue

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Kcal value of Protein

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4 kcal/gram

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Amino Acids

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The chief components of protein: can be manufactured from the body or obtained from dietary sources

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Vitamin Functions

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organic compounds required for normal growth, reproduction, and maintenance of health by acting as a co-enzyme

Front 65

Minerals

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Inorganic materials needed in trace amounts for normal body maintenance (teeth, muscles, hemoglobin, hormones) and critical for regulation of body processes (muscle contraction, heart function, blood clotting, red blood cell formation)

Front 66

RDA of Minerals

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250 mg of each major mineral

Front 67

Dehydration

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Abnormal depletion of fluids from the body (coffee, tea, alcohol)

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Fiber

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Edible, indigestible roughage

Front 69

Function of Fiber

Back 69

Allows transition of food within the bowels

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Stress

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Physiological and psychological response to: significant change, unexpected change, and disruption in one's life

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Distress

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Stress resulting from unpleasant events

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Eustress

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Stress resulting from a pleasant events

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Stress Response

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Both produce the same physiological responses, but different psychological responses

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Fight or Flight

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Physiological response to a stressor that prepare the body to respond (fight) or avoid (flight)

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Chronic Stress

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Remaining in a continued state of physiological arousal for an extended period of time

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Procrastinate

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(put something off- increases mistakes)

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Perfectionist

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(having little tolerance for mistakes)

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Physical Aspects of Coping Strategies

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exercise, nutrition, sleep

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Circadian Rhythms

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Internal clock that coordinates physiological processes influenced by 24 hour light/dark cycle

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Social Aspects of Stress Management

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Make time to have fun and play

Laughter is effective

Human contact through social connections

Pets are associated with a reduction in stress

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Environmental Aspects of Stress Management

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Reduce noise levels

AMount/type of light

Meaningful and challenging experiences

Aesthetic quality of inhabited space (color, plants, photos, smell)

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Psychological Aspects of Stress Management

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Meditation and Hypnosis

Cognitive Self-Talk

Progressive Muscle Relaxation

Deep Breathing

Guided Imagery and Visualization

Stress INoculation

Biofeedback