Mid-Term A&p Ch.17 The Brain & Cranial Nerves

Front 1

What are the 4 major parts of the Brain?

Back 1

-Brain Stem
-Cerebellum
-Diencephalon
-Cerebrum

Front 2

Continuation of spinal cord; consist of medulla oblongata, pons & midbrain

Back 2

-Brain Stem

Front 3

Second largest part of brain

Back 3

-Cerebellum

Front 4

Thalamus & hypothalamus
(Main link to endrocrine system)

Back 4

-Diencephalon

Front 5

Largest part of brain
(Seat of Intelligence)

Back 5

-Cerebrum

Front 6

Name the 3 cranial meninges.

Back 6

-Dura Mater (outer)
-Arachnoid Mater (middle)
-Pia Mater (innermost)

Front 7

Formed by Astrocytes and protects brain from harmful substances

Back 7

-Blood-Brain Barriere (BBB)

Front 8

Also known as a stroke or brain attack.
Most common brain disorder

Back 8

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Front 9

Where does clear ECF fluid circulates?

Back 9

-Through cavities in the brain, spinal cord & subarachnoid space

Front 10

Brain cavities filled with CSF

Back 10

-Ventricles

Front 11

The sites of CSF production are the _______ ________, which are specialized networks of capillaries in the walls of the ventricles.

Back 11

-Choroid Plexuses

Front 12

____________ __________ is formed by ependymal cells from blood plasma by filtration and secretion.

Back 12

-Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Front 13

CSF is continuously recycled; reabsorbed in the blood by ___________ _______.

Back 13

-Arachnoid villi

Front 14

Inferior part of brain stem, continuous with spinal cord

Back 14

-Medulla Oblongata

Front 15

Two major nuclei of the medulla?
(Nuclei = masses of gray matter where neurons form synapes with one another, a meeting place.)

Back 15

-Cardivascular Center (CV):Heartbeat
-Medullary Rhythmicity area: Breathing rate

Front 16

Drug & alcohol overdose, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, hiccupping & sneezing are linked to _________ __________ area.

Back 16

-Medullary rhythmicity

Front 17

Part of the brain stem that is above the medulla and anterior to the cerebellum, consists of both nuclei & tracts. Middle protion

Back 17

-Pons (bridge)

Front 18

Bundles of axons that connects parts of the brain with one another. ie: Right & left sides of cerebellum

Back 18

-Pons

Front 19

Cranial verves V-VIII originate in the Pons (middle portion). Name them

Back 19

V-Trigeminal
VI-Abducens
VII-Facial
VIII-Vestibulocochlear

Front 20

The superior portion of the brain stem.

Back 20

-Midbrain

Front 21

Cranial nerves III-IV originate in the Midbrain. Name them.

Back 21

III-Oculomotor
IV-Trochlear

Front 22

Major part of the brain that extends from the brain stem to the cerebrum & surrounds the third ventricle.

Back 22

-Diencephalon

Front 23

2 major parts of the Diencephalon.

Back 23

-Thalamus
-Hypothalamus

Front 24

Main relay station for sensory impulses to cerebral cortex

Back 24

-Thalamus

Front 25

Major regulator of homeostasis
controls thirst, hunger, body temperature

Back 25

-Hypothalamus

Front 26

Second larges part of the brain

Back 26

-Cerebellum

Front 27

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

Back 27

-coordinates & regulates movemements, posture & balance

Front 28

*The seat of intelligence
*Cerbral Cortex
*Gyri (Convolutions)
*Sulci
*Longitudinal fissure
Cerebral hemispheres

Back 28

-the Cerebrum

Front 29

Folds

Back 29

-Gyri (convolutions)

Front 30

Four lobes of the cerebral hemisphere that are named after the bones that cover them:

Back 30

-Frontal lobe
-Parietal lobe
-Temporal lobe
-Occipital lobe

Front 31

Separates the frontal and parietal lobes

Back 31

-The Central Sulcus

Front 32

A major gyrus that is located immediately anterior to the central sulcus and contains the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex.

Back 32

-Precentral gyrus

Front 33

Gyrus located immediately posterior to the central sulcus, contains the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex.

Back 33

-Postcentral gyrus

Front 34

5th part of the cerebrum that cannot be seen at the surface of the brain because it lies within the lateral cerebral sulcus, deep to the parietal, frontal & temporal lobes.

Back 34

-Insula

Front 35

Name the three types of tracts within the cerebral white matter:

Back 35

-Association tracts
-Commissural tracts
-Projection tracts

Front 36

Tracts that transmit impulses within same hemisphere

Back 36

-Association Tracts

Front 37

Tracts that transmit impulses between hemispheres; is larger in females

Back 37

-Commissural tracts

Front 38

Transmits impulses to/from sensory & motor tracts

Back 38

-Projections tracts

Front 39

Progressive disorder that destroys Dopamine (DA) producing neurons

Back 39

-Parkinson Disease

Front 40

"Emotional Brain" controls emotional aspects of behavior such as pain, pleasure, affection & anger.

Back 40

-The Limbic System

Front 41

Functional Area of Cerebral Cortex: Motor areas

Back 41

-Primary motor area
-Broca's area

Front 42

Precentral gyrus that controls voluntary contractions?

Back 42

-Primary motor area

Front 43

Motor area of the cerebral cortex having to do with speech

Back 43

-Broca's area

Front 44

How many pairs of cranial nerves?

Back 44

-12 pairs

Front 45

Cranial Nerves are designated by _________ __________, (________>__________) & names.

Back 45

-Roman Numerals
-Anterior > Posterior

Front 46

Cranial nerves are part of the ____________ nervous system.

Back 46

-Peripheral (PNS)

Front 47

Sensory nerve
Sense of smell

Back 47

--I (Olfactory Nerve)

Front 48

Sensory nerve
Vision

Back 48

-II Optic Nerve

Front 49

Motor cranial nerve
Originates in midbrain
Supplies extrinsic eye muscles; controls eye movements & elevates upper eyelid

Back 49

-III Oculomotor Nerve

Front 50

Mixed cranial nerve
Originates in pons
Supplies facial expression muscles

Back 50

-VII Facial Nerve

Front 51

Sensory cranial nerve
Originates in pons & medulla
Vestibular (Equilibrium)
Cochlear (Hearing)

Back 51

-VIII Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Front 52

Unresponsive & only aroused briefly by vigorous & repeated stimulation

Back 52

-Stupor
(ie: Drunken Stupor)

Front 53

Facial paralysis

Back 53

-Bells Palsy

Front 54

Tinnitus (ringing in the ears), vertigo (balance) & ataxia (lack of muscular coordination or precision)are results of problems with this sensory cranial nerve:

Back 54

-VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve

Front 55

Is produced by the choroid plexuses

Back 55

-Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Front 56

If Broca's area of the cerebrum is damaged, the result is loss of

Back 56

-Speech

Front 57

Loss of the sense of smell could result from injury to which cranial nerve

Back 57

-I Olfactory Nerve

Front 58

The part of the brain that functions to coordinate voluntary muscular movements & detect discrepancies when movements are not being carried out correctly is the:

Back 58

-Brain stem
(Pons - VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve)

Front 59

The principal relay station for sensory iompulses as they pass to the cerebral cortex is the

Back 59

-Thalamus

Front 60

The hypothalamus is located in the:

Back 60

-Diencephalon

Front 61

The most superior & largest part of the brain is the

Back 61

-Cerebrum

Front 62

The 1st & 2nd lateral ventricles are surrounded by which part of the brain?

Back 62

-Cerebrum

Front 63

The choroid plexuses are located in the

Back 63

-Ventricles of the brain

Front 64

The (BBB) blood-brain barrier is created by thight junction seals around brain capillaries fromed by the

Back 64

-Astrocytes

Front 65

Projection tracts (fibers) connect:

Back 65

-The cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS

Front 66

The region of the brain that helps to control equilibrium is the

Back 66

-Cerebellum

Front 67

The (III) oculomotor nerve originates in the

Back 67

-Midbrain

Front 68

The most common brain disorder is

Back 68

-A cerebrovascular accident (stroke)