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48 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Red blood cells (the cells on the left are crenated- RBCS in hypertonic solution) •Normalvalue: 0–3 to 5/hpf •Damageto glomerular membrane or vascular injury to the genitourinary tract•Numberof cells = extent of damage•Macroscopicversus microscopic hematuria–Cloudy, red urine, advanced disease,trauma, acute infection, coagulation disorders –Clear urine, early glomerular disease,malignancy, strenuous exercise, renal calculi confirmation |
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Budding yeast |
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Glitter cells (WBCs in hypotonic solution) |
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WBCs in urine |
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Squamous epithelial cell- •Normalsloughing•Contaminationif not midstream clean-catch (vaginal/male urethra contamination) |
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What is a clue cell? |
A clue cell is a squamous epithelial cells covered with the bacteria Gardnerella vaginalis. |
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Oval fat body (RTEs that have absorbed lipids) |
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What stain would you use to confirm the presence of hemosiderin in the urine sediment? |
Prussian blue |
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What does Prussian blue stain? |
Iron |
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What produces a maltese cross shape in polarized light? |
Cholesterol (oval fat bodies) |
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Hyaline cast 0-2/lpf is normal |
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Why might hyaline casts be present in the urine? |
Strenuous exercise, dehydration, heat exposure, emotional stress. |
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What type of protein is found in casts? |
Tamm-horsfall protein (Uromodulin). |
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Waxy cast |
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Uric acid crystals; acidic pH |
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What disease is associated with uric acid crystals? |
Gout |
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Uric acid crystals |
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Amorphous urates |
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Are amorphous urates found in acidic or alkaline urine? |
Acidic. |
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You shake the cup of urine and observe pink foam. What does this signify? |
Amorphous urates are present in acidic urine. |
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Calcium oxalate(acid/neutral) |
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What are calcium oxalate crystals associated with? |
Renal calculi (kidney stones)
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Calcium oxalate crystals can also be dumbbell and oval shaped |
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What are waxy casts associated with? |
Chronic renal failure |
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Amorphous phosphates (alkaline urine) |
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Triple phosphate crystals (alkaline urine) |
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Triple phosphate crystals (alkaline urine)
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Ammonium biurate (alkaline urine) |
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What type of crystal has a "thorny apple" appearance? |
Ammonium biurate |
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Cystine Crystals (acidic urine) |
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Cholesterol crystals (acidic urine) |
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Leucine crystal (acidic urine) |
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Tyrosine crystals (acidic urine) |
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What type of crystals have a "shock of wheat" look? |
Tyrosine crystals |
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Bilirubin crystals (acidic urine) |
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Leucine crystals (acidic urine) |
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These are not WBCs. What are they? |
Renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEs) |
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Rod shaped bacteria in urine |
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You are observing urine sediment at low power. What magnification is this? |
(10X power) so 100X magnification |
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You are observing urine sediment at high power. What magnification is this? |
(40X power) so 400 x magnification. |
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What are "ghost cells"? |
When RBCs are in dilute urine, they absorb water and lyse. The remaining, empty cell membranes are "ghost cells" |
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yeast (Mycelialforms) |
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yeast ( Mycelial forms) |
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RBCs identification difficulties |
–Yeast: look for buds –Oil droplets: refractility –Air bubbles: refractility andpossibly in a different plane Starch:refractile,polarizes |
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RBCs Smooth,nonnucleated,biconcave disks ~7 µm |
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WBCs Normal= <5 per hpf granulated, multilobed neutrophils mononuclear cells with abundant cytoplasm |
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clue cell - squamos epithelial cell covered in bacteria (Gardnerella vaginalis- vaginal infection) |
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Transitional Epithelial(Urothelial) Cells 1.Spherical: absorb water in bladder andbecome large and round 2.Caudate: appear to have a tail 3.Polyhedral: multiple sides |
