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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fat-soluble vitamins
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Vitamins A, D, E, and K
Vitamin K stores lasts only a few days |
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Vitamin A deficiency
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Causes visual impairment and changes to eye morphology, loss of appetite, and susceptibility to infections
Extremely common in children in underdeveloped countries |
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Vitamin D
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Functions: Major function is to maintain serum calcium and serum phosphorus levels by enhancing their absorption.
Major sources: Milk, fish, eggs Deficiency: Rickets, osteoporosis, cancer |
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Vitamin E
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Primary function is to protect membrane lipids by scavenging free radicals
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Vitamin K
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Important cofactor in blood coagulation
Coenzyme in synthesis of proteins involved in bone mineralization |
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Water soluble vitamins
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Vitamin C
Folate B vitamins - Thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), pantothenate, and biotin |
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Collagen formation
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Requires Vitamin C
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Vitamin C
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Antioxidant, collagen formation, formation of bones and teeth
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Folate
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DNA synthesis and one-carbon transfers
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Thiamin
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Energy metabolism and neuronal functioning
Deficiency associated with alcohol abuse |
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Riboflavin
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Vitamin B2 - FMN and FAD are derivatives
Dairy products and green vegetables are good source Functions as prosthetic group |
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Excess niacin intake
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Can lead to flushing of skin, liver dysfunction, gastrointestinal effects
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Vitamin B6
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Involved in amino acid transamination reactions
Good sources of Vitamin B6: meat, poultry, fish, corn, bananas, potatoes, and sweet potatoes |
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Vitamin B12
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Cobalamin
Cofactor for two enzymes: methionine synthase and L-methylmalonyl CoA Dairy productions are good source of Vitamin B12 |
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Pantothenate
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Precursor of CoA and functional part of ACP
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Biotin
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Coenzyme in bicarbonate-dependent carboxylase reactions
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Iron
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Involved in O2 transport, respiration, free radical defense, hormone synthesis, metabolism of amino acids
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Copper
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Cofactor for numerous enzymes such as cytochrome c oxidase and superoxide dismutase
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Zinc
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Growth and cell division
DNA replication, gene transcription Wound healing |
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Impaired wound healing, pressure ulcer
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Vitamin C, vitamin A, trace element deficiency
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Goiter
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Iodine, selenium deficiency
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Myxedema
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Iodine deficiency
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Peripheral subcutaneous tissue edema
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Protein, thiamin deficiency
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Ascites
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Protein deficiency
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Pallor
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Iron, folate, vitamin B12 deficiency
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