Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
288 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
10 um
|
Entamoeba histolytica (cyst)
|
|
12 um
|
Entamoeba histolytica (cyst)
|
|
17 um
|
Entamoeba histolytica (troph)
|
|
14 um
|
Entamoeba histolytica (cyst)
|
|
19 um
|
Entamoeba histolytica (troph)
|
|
7 um
|
Entamoeba hartmanni (troph)
|
|
|
Entamoeba hartmanni (troph)
|
|
11 um
|
Entamoeba polecki (cyst)
|
|
12 um
|
Entamoeba coli (cyst)
|
|
17 um
|
Entamoeba coli (troph)
|
|
12 um
|
Endolimax nana (troph)
|
|
9 um
|
Endolimax nana (cyst)
|
|
8 um
|
Iodamoeba butschlii (cyst)
|
|
6 um
|
Iodamoeba butschlii (cyst)
|
|
11 um
|
Iodamoeba butschlii (cyst)
|
|
|
Blastocystis hominis
|
|
|
Blastocystis hominis
|
|
|
Giardia lamblia cysts
|
|
|
Giardia lamblia cysts
|
|
|
Giardia lamblia troph
|
|
|
Giardia lamblia troph
|
|
|
Giardia lamblia troph
|
|
|
Dientamoeba fragilis
|
|
|
Dientamoeba fragilis
|
|
|
Trichomonas vaginalis
|
|
|
Trichomonas vaginalis
|
|
|
Balantidium coli troph
|
|
|
Balantidium coli cyst
|
|
|
Babesia
|
|
|
Babesia
|
|
|
Babesia
|
|
|
Plasmodium vivax
|
|
|
Plasmodium vivax
|
|
|
Plasmodium ovale
|
|
|
Plasmodium ovale
|
|
|
Cryptosporidium parvum
|
|
|
Plasmodium ovale
|
|
|
Plasmodium falciparum
|
|
|
Plasmodium falciparum
|
|
|
Plasmodium falciparum
|
|
|
Plasmodium malariae
|
|
|
Plasmodium malariae
|
|
|
Plasmodium malariae
|
|
|
Leishmania (amastigotes)
|
|
|
Leishmania (amastigotes)
|
|
|
Leishmania (promastigotes)
|
|
|
Leishmania (promastigotes)
|
|
|
Leishmania (promastigotes)
|
|
|
Trypanosoma cruzei
|
|
|
Trypanosoma cruzei
|
|
|
Trypanosoma cruzei
|
|
|
Trypanosoma brucei
|
|
|
Trypanosoma brucei
|
|
|
Trypanosoma cruzei
|
|
|
Toxoplasma gondii (tachyzoites)
|
|
|
Toxoplasma gondii (tachyzoites)
|
|
|
Toxoplasma gondii (bradyzoites)
|
|
|
This organism is found usually in the tropics. It is more common in areas with poor sanitation and low socioeconomic class. It has a central nuclear karyosome with 1-4 nuclei. It has the presence of RBCs in it.
|
Entamoeba histolytica
|
|
|
This organism is the only true pathogenic intestinal amoeba
|
Entamoeba histolytica
|
|
|
This organism is considered an STD in gay couples. It causes amebic dysentery and "flask shaped" lesions or tapered ulcers.
|
Entamoeba histolytica
|
|
|
This organism causes direct damage to the intestinal mucosa by invading the intestinal cells and can disseminated to other organs such as the liver. It has cysteine proteases facilitates deeper tissue invasion. It has the capability to kill the C5-9 complex and IgA, C3a & C5a.
|
Entamoeba histolytica
|
|
|
This organism is non-pathogenic, and is identical to E. histolytica except it's smaller (less than 12).
|
Entamoeba hartmannii
|
|
|
This organism has 1 nucleus in both of its cyst and troph form. The cyst form has pleomorphic and eccentric karyosome. Its cytoplasm has lots of small inclusions. These inclusions are called what?
|
chromatoid bodies
|
|
|
This organism has chromatoid bodies in its cytoplasm. In its troph form, its cytoplasm is granulated. What makes the cytoplasm so granulated?
|
Made up of yeast and bacteria.
|
|
|
This organism infects the most through accidental ingestion of the cyst from monkeys and other domestic herd animals such as pigs, cattle and goats.
|
Entamoeba polecki
|
|
|
This organism is significantly larger than E. histolytica. It has a sluggish and slow movement in the direct wet mount. Its cyst form has 8 nuclei and a dirty cytoplasm. Its troph form has only 1 nucleus and a dirty cytoplasm.
|
Entamoeba coli
|
|
|
Which organism has a slow and sluggish movement. It has a large nuclear karyosome and a large glycogen vacuole in its cyst form. The troph form is rarely seen and has a large nuclei.
|
Iodamoeba butschlii
|
|
|
Which organism has a large central karyosome with a faint chromatin beading called a "ghost zone". In its cyst form, it has up to 4 nuclei. The karyosome in the troph form stains red.
|
Endolimax nana
|
|
|
Which organism has a large central body and up to 4 nuclei and appear pushed to the outer edges of the cyst. If found, there are usually many in 1 field.
|
Blastocystis hominis
|
|
|
Why is Blastocystis hominisgrouped with the intestinal amoeba?
|
It doesn't fit but it is ID'd and prepared the same way.
|
|
|
Which organism is suspected as non-pathogenic, but invades the epithelial cell lining and undergoes asexual reproduction in the intestinal lining until the cells rupture which releases new forms to infect new cells?
|
Blastocystis hominis
|
|
|
What are the intestinal amoebas? List them.
|
1. Entamoeba histolytica 2. Entamoeba hartmannii 3. Entamoeba polecki 4. Entamoeba coli 5. Iodamoeba butschlii 6. Endolimax nana 7. Blastocystis hominis |
|
|
What are the intestinal flagellates? List them.
|
1. Giardia lamblia 2. Dientamoeba fragilis 3. Trichomonas vaginalis 4. Trichomonas hominis |
|
|
This organism has a tear drop shape cyst, usually oval with 4 nuclei and contains fibrils. Its cytoplasm retract from the membrane in. It reproduces by longitudinal binary fission. It has a falling leaf motility.
|
Giardia lamblia
|
|
|
This organism is tested for by doing the stool antigen test and PCR. It shows a band at 183 bp.
|
Giardia lamblia
|
|
|
This organism's karyosome has a button hole appearance. It resembles an amoeba but it's a flagellate. It also reproduces by binary fission.
|
Dientamoeba fragilis
|
|
|
This organism is transmitted within Helminth eggs and feces of those such as Ascaris and Enterobius.
|
Dientamoeba fragilis
|
|
|
This organism has no cyst stage
|
Dientamoeba fragilis
|
|
|
This organism is and STD that is "pear shaped" and highly motile . It multiples by longitudinal binary fission once it gets into the urinary or genital system. Only the troph stage is seen.
|
Trichomonas vaginalis
|
|
|
This organism has 4 flagella and an undulating membrane. It is not known how it's related to disease. Only the troph form is seen.
|
Trichomonas hominis.
|
|
|
This organism has a "spinning top" movement under the microscope and is very sensitive to environmental temperature and drying.
|
Trichomonas vaginalis
|
|
|
This organism is an STD that can circulate in the prostate or cervical region. What antibiotic is used to reate it?
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
Which organism belongs to the intestinal ciliates?
|
Blantidium coli
|
|
|
Which organism is roughly 50 um and is found in pigs and rodents but transmitted through contaminated water and food?
|
Blantidium coli
|
|
|
Which stage is a macronucleus and a micronucleus seen in the Blantidium coli?
|
cyst stage
|
|
|
This organism has a large macronuclues and a micronucleus in its cyst stage. Its troph stage is fragile and has oval grooves.
|
Blantidium coli
|
|
|
What type of motility does Blantidium coli have?
|
spiral motility
|
|
|
What can Blantidium colicause in the patient?
|
persistent diarrhea and possibly submucosal ulcers
|
|
|
Which organisms belong to the intestinal apicomplexa group?
|
1. Cryptosporidium parvum 2. Isopora belli 3. Cyclospora cayetanensis |
|
|
Which organism is an animal parasite and causes infection via ingestion or direct contact with its oocysts?
|
Cryptosporidium parvum
|
|
|
Which organism can cause auto-reinfection due to oocytes formed in the intestines by the ingested oocysts?
|
Cryptosporidium parvum
|
|
|
Which organism only requires 10 to initiate infection?
|
Cryptosporidium parvum
|
|
|
Which organism causes infections in people that handle infected animals like vets?
|
Cryptosporidium parvum
|
|
|
Which organism causes water-borne diarrheal disease in places such as jails, daycare and HIV/AIDS patients?
|
Cryptosporidium parvum
|
|
|
What are the major concerns with Cryptosporidium parvum's pathogenesis?
|
1. it can cause auto-reinfection 2. fluid loss due to profuse diarrhea |
|
|
This organism causes opportunistic infections. The oocysts are not immediately infectious and can be seen in routine FES wet mount and trichome?
|
Isopora belli
|
|
|
What stain is used to visualize many of the parasites, such as Isopora belli, better?
|
modified acid fast stain
|
|
|
Which organism needs a 24+ hours in formalin to inactivate it?
|
Cryptosporidium parvum
|
|
|
Cryptosporidium parvumis best concentrated by using what method?
|
Sheather Sugar flotation
|
|
|
Cryptosporidium parvumis best seen with what stain?
|
Modified acid fast staining
|
|
|
Which organism is found in Nepal, Peru and Haiti with known outbreaks in Central and South America?
|
Cyclospora cayetanensis
|
|
|
Which organism requires modified acid fast stain since it doesn't take up trichome or iron hematoxylin?
|
Cyclospora cayetanensis
|
|
|
Which organism cause "traveler's diarrhea"?
|
Cyclospora cayetanensis
|
|
|
Which organism is blue at 365 nm and green at 450-490 nm under UV?
|
Cyclospora cayetanensis
|
|
|
Which organism is NOT a part of intestinal apicomplexa group? a. Cyclospora cayetanensis b. Isopora belli c. Microsporidia d. Cryptosporidium parvum |
c. Microsporidia
|
|
|
Which organism is primarily associated with HIV patients or extremely immunocompromised patients?
|
Microsporidia
|
|
|
Which organism is not an apicomplexa and is more fungal?
|
Microsporidia
|
|
|
Which organism has merozoite and Duffy Ag adherance mechanisms?
|
Plasmodium vivax |
|
|
Which organism has merozoite and glycophorin?
|
Plasmodium falciparum
|
|
|
Which organism has C3b as the adherence mechanism?
|
Babesia
|
|
|
What type of patients would be resistant to P. vivax infections?
|
Duffy antigen negative (since they don't have it as a receptor for the P. vivax to adhere to)
|
|
|
Which Babesia species is more prevalent in Europe?
|
Babesia divergens
|
|
|
Which Babesia species is more prevalent in the US?
|
Babesia microti
|
|
|
What drugs are used to treat Babesia?
|
Clindamycin with quinine
|
|
|
What treatment (not drugs) can be used to treat Babesia?
|
exchange transfusion
|
|
|
Clumps of Babesia in the plasma can resemble what?
|
platelets
|
|
|
What's the main difference between Babesia and Plasmodium?
|
Babesia can exist in the plasma as well as the RBCs. Plasmodium only exists in the RBCs
|
|
|
What type of sample would be needed to visualize Babesia motility?
|
Fesh sample without anticoagulant
|
|
|
Babesia look like _________________ in the RBC and as ___________________ in the plasma.
|
Babesia look like purple rings in the RBC and as clumps in the plasma.
|
|
|
Which organism is transmitted by ticks?
|
Babesia
|
|
|
Which tick species transmits Babesia?
|
Ixodes sp.
|
|
|
The Ixodes ticks transfer the Babesia when it is at what stage?
|
sporozoite stage
|
|
|
Why are humans considered the "dead end host" for Babesia?
|
The organism cannot go through maturation or sexual reproduction in human hosts.
|
|
|
Babesia causes worse symptoms in what type of patients?
|
immunosuppressed splenectomized |
|
|
Most patients with Babesia display what symptoms?
|
Asymptomatic or mild flu symptoms
|
|
|
How is malaria transmited?
|
mosquitos
|
|
|
What is the specific mosquito that transmits malaria?
|
female Anopheles mosquito
|
|
|
What are the 2 phases of malaria?
|
1. liver phase 2. RBC phase |
|
|
Which stage does malaria create hypnozoites that stay dormant and can persist for a long time and can be re-initiated by another liver disease or immune system?
|
liver phase
|
|
|
Which stage does malaria form trophozoites and schizonts that rupture to release more merozoites with repeat cycles (paroxysms)?
|
RBC phase
|
|
|
Fever, sweats, chills, headache, myalgia, anemia and splenomegaly are all symptoms of what?
|
malaria
|
|
|
People with what condition are resistant to P. vivas?
|
Duffy antigen negative
|
|
|
People with what condition are resistant to P. falciparum?
|
G6PD deficiency
|
|
|
People with what condition are resistant to malaria?
|
sickle cell trait and thalassemia
|
|
|
Are people with hemoglobinopathies or pyruvate kinase deficiency resistant to malaria?
|
No, unless it's coupled with sickle cell trait or thalassemia
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. shows in all stages in the blood stream?
|
Plasmodium vivax
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. likes to infect reticulocytes?
|
Plasmodium vivax
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium causes Benign Tertian malaria?
|
Plasmodium vivax
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. are the most common?
|
Plasmodium vivax
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. have single rings in RBCs, red stippling and enlarges RBC with 12-24 merozoites?
|
Plasmodium vivax
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. shows 120 bp?
|
Plasmodium vivax
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. shows 205 bp?
|
Plasmodium falciparum
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. shows 800 bp?
|
Plasmodium ovale
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. shows 144 bp?
|
Plasmodium malariae
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. is most common and most severe?
|
Plasmodium falciparum
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. is least severe?
|
Plasmodium malariae
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. is the rarest?
|
Plasmodium ovale
|
|
|
List in order the most common and severity of the Plasmodium sp.
|
1. Plasmodium falciparum 2. Plasmodium vivax 3. Plasmodium ovale (least common) 4. Plasmodium malariae (least severe) |
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. has multiple rings, and banana shaped gametes in RBCs?
|
Plasmodium falciparum
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. have older stages sticking to blood vessel walls and involved in formation of blood clots blocking blood flow to organs?
|
Plasmodium falciparum
|
|
|
Hgb S, thalassemia, Hgb C and E offers resistance to which Plasmodium sp?
|
Plasmodium falciparum
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. causes Malignant Tertian Malaria?
|
Plasmodium falciparum
|
|
|
Describe malignant tertian malaria
|
It is aggressive and fatal that begins as a 3 day paroxysm which shortens as it progresses until it's constant.
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. causes Black Water Fever?
|
Plasmodium falciparum
|
|
|
Dark urine due to Hgb pigments (lysis of RBCs) is an indication of what disease caused by what organism?
|
Black Water Fever caused by Plasmodium falciparum
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. can invade all RBC stages in the peripheral blood as well as the bone marrow?
|
Plasmodium falciparum
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. produces large oval shaped RBCS?
|
Plasmodium ovale
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. have schizonts that have 4-12 merozoites?
|
Plasmodium ovale
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. causes Oval Tertian Malaria?
|
Plasmodium ovale
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. causes infections most similarly to Plasmodium vivax?
|
Plasmodium ovale
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. causes Benign Quartan malaria?
|
Plasmodium malariae
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. prefers to infect "old" RBCs?
|
Plasmodium malariae
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. have only 1 organism per RBC and doesn't cause enlargement of the cell?
|
Plasmodium malariae
|
|
|
Which Plasmodium sp. has merozoites that often form a rosette pattern?
|
Plasmodium malariae
|
|
|
What are the 2 stages blood and tissue flagellates found in vectors called?
|
promastigote epimastigote |
|
|
What are the 2 stages blood and tissue flagellates found in humans called?
|
amastigote trypmastigote |
|
|
Which organism is the 2nd largest parasite killer after malaria?
|
Leishmania donovani
|
|
|
Which organism has the amastigote form on the lining of the blood vessel wall or replicates inside of macrophage?
|
Leishmania donovani
|
|
|
Which organism is transmitted by the sand fly?
|
Leishmania donovani
|
|
|
Which organism causes Dum Dum Fever?
|
Leishmania donovani
|
|
|
Which organism causes Kala-azar?
|
Leishmania donovani
|
|
|
Which organism causes darkening of the facial, hand, foot and skin?
|
Leishmania donovani
|
|
|
Which organism causes fever, weight loss, anemia and hepatosplenomegaly?
|
Leishmania donovani
|
|
|
Which organism causes visceral and cutaneous infections?
|
Leishmania donovani
|
|
|
Which organism causes only cutaneous infections and is common in US soldiers returning from the Middle East?
|
Leishmania tropica
|
|
|
How is Leishmania tropicacollected?
|
aspiration, scrapings or biopsies
|
|
|
How is Leishmania donovani collected?
|
blood smears, tissues or PCR methods
|
|
|
Which organism cause Jericho Buttons?
|
Leishmania tropica
|
|
|
Which organism cause Baghdad Boils?
|
Leishmania tropica
|
|
|
Which organism cause Oriental sores?
|
Leishmania tropica
|
|
|
Which organism cause localized lesions at the bite on the skin?
|
Leishmania tropica
|
|
|
Which organism causes lesions that may cause lymphadenopahty and ulcerate and develop secondary bacterial infection but usually heals spontaneously?
|
Leishmania tropica
|
|
|
Which organism has a "C shape"?
|
Trypanosome cruzi
|
|
|
Which organism as an "S shape"?
|
Trypanosome brucei
|
|
|
Which organism is Trypanosome cruzitransmitted by?
|
Triatomid bugs
|
|
|
Which organism causes South American Trypanosomiasis?
|
Trypanosome cruzi
|
|
|
Which organism causes Chagas disease?
|
Trypanosome cruzi
|
|
|
Which organism causes acute and chronic stages that includes dilated cardiomyopathy, conusion, malnutrition, and dementia?
|
Trypanosome cruzi
|
|
|
Which organism causes localized swelling at bite site called "chagoma" or "Romana's sign"?
|
Trypanosome cruzi
|
|
|
What is the difference between Trypanosome brucei sp. gambiense and rhodesiense?
|
ssp. gambiense: West African (slow) ssp. rhodesiense: East African (rapid) |
|
|
Which organism is lacy and has kinetoplast on posterior tip?
|
Trypanosome brucei
|
|
|
Which organism is Trypanosome brucei transmitted by
|
Tsetse fly
|
|
|
Which organism cause African Sleeping Sickness?
|
Trypanosome brucei
|
|
|
Which organism causes African Trypanosomiasis?
|
Trypanosome brucei
|
|
|
Which organism causes a hemalymphatic stage fever, headaches, joint and muscle pain that looks like Winterbottom's sign (swollen lymph nodes) in the first stage?
|
Trypanosome brucei
|
|
|
Which organism enters the CNS and causes neurological damage and eventual coma and death?
|
Trypanosome brucei
|
|
|
Trypanosome brucei causes a coma in patients by secreting what substance that causes patients to be sleepy?
|
Typtophol
|
|
|
What drugs are used to treat Trypanosome brucei ?
|
1. Arsenic (but led to blindness; not used anymore) 2. Suramin 3. Pentamidine |
|
|
Cats are definitive hosts for what organism?
|
Toxoplasma gondii
|
|
|
Which organism produce oocysts that are highly resistant but can be killed by heating to 70 degrees for 10 mins?
|
Toxoplasma gondii
|
|
|
Which organism is primarily found in Central America and France?
|
Toxoplasma gondii
|
|
|
What are the 2 most common ways to transmit Toxoplasma gondii?
|
1. ingestion of cysts from uncooked meat 2. cats (litter box) |
|
|
Why is it dangerous for pregnant women who contract Toxoplasma gondii?
|
It can cross the placenta and harm the child
|
|
|
Toxoplasma gondii can cause flu-like symptoms that resemble what disease?
|
infectious mononucleosis
|
|
|
What are the 2 forms of Toxoplasma gondii?
|
tachyzoites bradyzoites |
|
|
Which form of Toxoplasma gondii is the motile, invasive and active disease form?
|
tacyzoites
|
|
|
Which form of Toxoplasma gondii cross the placenta in pregnant women?
|
tachyzoites
|
|
|
Which form of Toxoplasma gondii is considered the quiescent form found in tissue cysts?
|
bradyzoites
|
|
|
Which organism preferentially form cysts in neural, muscle and mycocardial tissues?
|
Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites form
|
|
|
Immunocompetent host may still harbor what organism in their tissues for life after initial active disease and can re-initiate if immune system is suppressed?
|
Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites form
|
|
|
Which laboratory dye requires live organism?
|
Sabin-Feldman Dye
|
|
|
What is the current detection method for tissue apicomplexa in the tissues and blood?
|
Indirect fluorescent antibody
|
|
|
What is the current detection method for tissue acomplexa in CSF and amniotic fluid?
|
PCR methods
|
|
|
Which type of parasites are found in brackish fresh water, municipal water supplies, swimming pools, or fresh water systems?
|
tissue and body fluid amoebas
|
|
|
Which type of organisms can be found in the Gulf states and California?
|
tissue and body fluid amoebas
|
|
|
Describe what amoebic encephalitis is
|
High fever, symptoms of meningitis, confusion, delirium and severe headaches. It enters the body via oral, nasal cavity or ear canal, colonizes in the mucous membranes and invades subcutaneous tissues and blood vessels
|
|
|
What organisms cause amoebic encephalitis?
|
1. Naegleria fowleri 2. Acanthamoeba 3. Blamuthia mandrillaris |
|
|
What causes Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis?
|
Acanthamoeba and Blamuthia
|
|
|
What is the main organism that causes amoebic encephalitis?
|
Acanthamoeba
|
|
|
Which organism shows "star" shaped amoeba?
|
Acanthoamoeba, Balamuthia, Naegleria fowleri troph form
|
|
|
Which organism causes Corneal ulcers?
|
Acanthamoeba
|
|
|
Which organisms form granulomas?
|
Acanthamoeba and Blamuthia
|
|
|
Which organism causes amebic meningoencephalitis?
|
Naegleria fowleri
|
|
|
Which intestinal Protozoa is nonmotile? |
apicomplexa |
|
|
How do amoeboid Protozoa move? |
Moved by the use of pseudopods so they have slower movement |
|
|
What two factors affect the cyst? |
pH and temperature |
|
|
What signals the cyst to become a troph in the body? |
stomach acid |
|
|
Where do the trophs reside in the intestine? |
The caecum of the large intestine |
|
|
Describe the infection of Cyrptosporidium parvum |
|
|
|
Isopora belli
|
|
|
What is the purpose of thin and thick smear when making blood specimen slides? |
thin: ID thick: screening |
|
|
How is blood specimen collected? |
every 8-12 hours, for 2-3 days in EDTA or heparinized tubes before treatment |
|
|
Which GNB is most widely known to cause UTIs?
|
E. coli O157H7 |
|
|
Which organism causes stomach ulcers and what test is used to detect it? |
Helicobacter pylori (urease test) |
|
|
What are the H2S fermenters? |
Proteus Citrobacter Salmonella Edwardsiella |
|
|
Which organisms cause food poisoning? |
Shigella Salmonella E. coli O157H7 |
|
|
Which organism causes pneumonia and a red sputum? |
Klebsiella pneumoniae |
|
|
What affects a QC Kirby Bauer disk test?
|
1. pH (7.2-7.4) 2. thickness (4mm) 3. concentration of the antimicrobial 4. ions (calcium) |
|
|
What's the difference between disk diffusion and minimum concentration (MIC)? |
MIC uses broth media gives you a minimum inhibitory concentration so it's semi-quantitative, disk is on a plate |
|
|
What is used in the MRSA disk diffusion test? |
cefoxitin |
|
|
Which organism is highly associated with cystic fibrosis? |
Burkholderia cepacia |
|
|
Parasites are divided into categories based on what? |
their location in the body |
|
|
What two specimen contamination can inhibit detection of motility? |
water and urine |
|
|
T/F: do not accept specimens from inpatients after the 4th day without prior consultation |
true |
|
|
Which parasite infect the lungs? |
Paragonimus |
|
|
Paragonimus |
|
|
Adult pieces of worms are called what? |
proglottids |
|
|
What is the non-pathogenic morphological twin to E. histolytica? |
E. dispar |
|
|
What damages the intestinal lining by the infection caused by E. histolytica? |
The digestive enzymes released by destroyed WBCs (not the organism directly)
|
|
|
Describe the acute and chronic phase of E. histolytica |
1. acute: cramping, tenderness, fever and 10-20 diarrheic stools each day 2. severe: may lose actual intestinal lining, invade below the surface causing abscesses or form granulomas along the way with periods of on and off symptoms as granulomas periodically release organisms |
|
|
E. histolytica can disseminate and infect what organs? |
Liver, lungs and the brain |
|
|
Liver invasion, hepatic abscesses, elevated bilirubin, liver enzymes, gall bladder symptoms, chest pain, dyspnea, and a productive cough all indicates an infection by what organism? |
E. histolytica (chronic phase if lungs are infected) |
|
|
What key features differentiates E. histolytica from E. dispar? |
presence of RBC in the cytoplasm |
|
|
What organism is often called "small-race" E. histolytica?
|
E. hartmanni |
|
|
If the average diameter of the organism is < 12, is it more likely to be E. histolytica or E. hartmanni? |
E. hartmanni |
|
|
Which organism normally has 1 nucleus in both its cyst and troph stage? |
E. polecki |
|
|
E. histolytica trophs have what type of movement? |
directed intentional movement |
|
|
What key features differentiate E. coli from E. histolytica? |
E. coli have a sluggish and slow movement which seem to "wander" instead of E. histolytic'as directed intentional movement |
|
|
What differentiates Iodamoeba butschlii cyst from its troph form? |
The troph form does not have the giant vacuole |
|
|
What is the most common parasite in the US? |
Giardia lamblia |
|
|
Giardia intestinalis is seen at what band on the PCR? |
183 bp
|
|
|
Only which form of Trichomonas is seen? |
troph stage |
|
|
Which organism is associated with jails, daycare, nursing homes? |
Cryptosporidium parvum |
|
|
Asexual and sexual reproduction of this organism occur in the host |
Cryptosporidium parvum |
|
|
The definitive host phase of Cryptosporidium have what stage of the organism? |
gametocytes |
|
|
Thin walled C. parvum cysts vs. thick walled C. parvum cysts |
thin walled may rupture in the gut and cause auto-infection whereas thick walled will be passed into the feces |
|
|
In modified acid-fast staining, what is stained blue or green?
|
yeast |
|
|
In trichome stain, C. parvum is stained what color? |
purple |
|
|
Fertilization of what produces oocysts in Isopora belli infections? |
macro and microgametes |
|
|
What is associated with ingestion of contaminated fruits or vegetables? |
Cyclospora cayetanensis |
|
|
What disease process parallels C. parvum but the cysts are larger (8-10 um)? |
Cyclospora cayetanensis |
|
|
What type of host are humans for Plasmodiums? |
definitive hosts |
|
|
Plasmodium simian only infects what? |
other animals |
|
|
In malarial infections, schizonts would most likely be located where?
|
liver |
|
|
Dormant stages of plasmodium vivax and ovale are called what? |
hypnozoites
|
|
|
Why do people with sickle cell trait resistant to malaria? |
The genetic modification in the Hgb molecule doesn't allow the organism to complete its life cycle |
|
|
What stage of the infection would you see ring stage of trophozoite? |
early and mature
|
|
|
What stage of the infection would you see schizonts?
|
immature and mature with merozoites |
|
|
What stage of the infection would you seegametocytes?
|
the sexual stages |
|
|
What is another name for Duffy antigen? |
CD 234 |
|
|
Which Plasmodium species has applique forms? |
P. falciparum |
|
|
Amastigotes are found in what? |
macrophages and tissues of the reticuloendothelial system (BM, spleen and liver) |
|
|
What are the reservoirs for Toxiplasma gondii? |
Birds and rodents |
|
|
Acanthamoeba |
|
|
Balamuthia |
|
|
N. fowleri |
|
|
Acanthamoeba |
|
|
N. fowleri |
