Microbiology Tortora Chap Seven

Front 1

What are the two methods of control of Microbial growth?

Back 1

Killing organisms or inhibiting their growth

Front 2

Destruction or removal of all viable microorganisms equals?

Back 2

Sterilization

Front 3

What are the methods of physical controls?

Back 3

heat, Radiation or filtration

Front 4

What are the types of heat used?

Back 4

Moist heat and dry heat

Front 5

Which is more effective moist heat or dry?

Back 5

Moist, it works faster and in a given time period will kill at lower tempertures

Front 6

What are two types of moist heat?

Back 6

Autoclave (a large pressure cooker) and Pasteurization

Front 7

is Pasteurization a sterilization technique?

Back 7

No does not lead to sterilization since not all organisms are killed.

Front 8

What does dry heat do?

Back 8

ignites microbes to ashes and gas

Front 9

What are the two types of radiation?

Back 9

Ionizing and nonionizing

Front 10

Types of Ionizing radiation ?

Back 10

Gamma rays, x-rays, and cathode rays

Front 11

Ionizing radiation does two things.

Back 11

Penetrates solids and liquids and damages DNA

Front 12

Non Ionizing radiation is characterized by?

Back 12

Ultra violet rays

Front 13

What is filtration used for?

Back 13

sterilizing air and heat sensitive fluids

Front 14

Chemical agents that kill microorganisms have the suffix ?

Back 14

"-cidal"

Front 15

Agents that only inhibit growth have the suffix

Back 15

"-static"

Front 16

To be effective a static agent must be ?

Back 16

continually present

Front 17

An agent that is -cidal at high concentrations may be _____ at lower concentrations

Back 17

Static

Front 18

Agents that disrupt target cell membrane or walls are called?

Back 18

"_lytic"

Front 19

Germicides are?

Back 19

agents that kill pathogens

Front 20

3 types of germicides

Back 20

Disinfectants antiseptics and chemotherapeutic agents

Front 21

Germincides are catagorized by

Back 21

What they can kill and toxicity

Front 22

Name two disinfectants

Back 22

lysol and bleach

Front 23

do disinfedctants destroy endospores?

Back 23

no only vegetative pathogens

Front 24

Disinfectants should only be used on inanimate objects due to

Back 24

high toxicity to tissues

Front 25

Name two antiseptics

Back 25

Listerine and hydrogen perioxide

Front 26

antiseptics should be used

Back 26

externally on skin and mucous membranes

Front 27

Chemotherapeutic agents can be used

Back 27

internally drugs

Front 28

Major classes of anti microbial chemicals

Back 28

Halogens, Phenol and derivatives, Alcohols, Hydrogen Peroxide, detergents, and ethylene oxide (gas)

Front 29

These are nonmetallic elements that are microbicidal and sporocidal and are the active ingredients in 1/3 of all antimicrobials

Back 29

Halogens

Front 30

Historically which is the most used halogen?

Back 30

Chlorine compounds

Front 31

This halogen causes denaturation of enzymes due to disruption of disulfide bonds

Back 31

Chlorine Compounds

Front 32

This halogen causes denaturation of proteins

Back 32

Iodine compounds

Front 33

This halogen is used for disinfection of drinking water, and disinfection of swimming pools

Back 33

Chlorine compounds

Front 34

Topical antispetics such as betadine is a

Back 34

iodine compound

Front 35

This class of chemicals disrupt cells walls and membranes at high concentrations and inactivate enzymes at low concentrations

Back 35

Phenol and derivatives

Front 36

items that disrupt cell walls and membranes is known as a

Back 36

lytic agent

Front 37

Examples of phenol are

Back 37

lysol, triclosan and chlorhexidine

Front 38

At concentrations of 50% and above this agent disrupts membranes

Back 38

Alcohol

Front 39

in the protoplasm at concentrations of 50-95% it denatures proteins

Back 39

alcohol

Front 40

Alcohol is used for?

Back 40

skin degerming and cold sterilization

Front 41

This chemical releases oxygen which forms hydroxyl free radicals

Back 41

hydrogen perioxide

Front 42

This chemical is bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal and sporocidal at high concentrations

Back 42

Hydrogen perioxide

Front 43

Uses of hydrogen perioxide include

Back 43

skin cleansing, mouthwash and general disinfection

Front 44

This chemical acts as a surfactants that disrupt cell membranes

Back 44

detergents

Front 45

Catatonic detergents ("quats") are most effective but

Back 45

much more expensive to produce

Front 46

Detergents are used for

Back 46

disinfection/sanitization of hard surfaces, equipment, clothing, etc

Front 47

Children raised in super clean houses tend to have compromised immune systems this is known as the

Back 47

hyperclean hypothesis

Front 48

This chemical reacts with functional groups of DNA and proteins and blocks DNA replication and enzyme action

Back 48

Ethylene Oxide (gas)

Front 49

Uses of Ethylene Oxide include

Back 49

sterilization/diinfection of plastics and delicate instruments