Microbiology - The Prokaryotic Cell Structure

Front 1

Peptidoglycan monomer

Back 1

NAM and NAG molecules bonded to a tetrapeptide

Front 2

What is the function of peptidoglycan?

Back 2

Gives bacteria shape and prevents osmotic lysis

Front 3

Autolysins

Back 3

bacterial enzymes break cross links between peptidoglycan monomers during growth of cell wall

Front 4

Transpeptidase

Back 4

enzymes that add new peptidoglycan monomers and reseal cell wall during cell growth

Front 5

How do penicillins interfere with cell wall growth to kill bacteria?

Back 5

They bind to transpeptidase enzymes so they cannot cross-link peptidoglycan monomers

Front 6

How do cephalosporins interfere with cell wall growth to kill bacteria?

Back 6

They bind to transpeptidase enzymes so they cannot cross-link peptidoglycan monomers

Front 7

How do glycopeptides interfere with cell wall growth to kill
bacteria?

Back 7

They bind directly to peptides in the cell wall and block then from cross-linking

Front 8

What color are gram-positive bacteria when stained and why?

Back 8

Purple, because they retain the initial dye crystal violet

Front 9

What color are gram-negative bacteria when stained and why?

Back 9

Pink, because they pick up the counterstain safranin

Front 10

What color are acid-fast bacteria when stained and why?

Back 10

Red, because they retain the initial dye carbolfuchsin

Front 11

teichoic acids

Back 11

acids found in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria

Front 12

pathogen-associated molecular patterns

Back 12

molecules unique to microorganisms that the body detects as being foreign.

Front 13

What percent of the cell wall of a gram-positive bacteria is peptidoglycan?

Back 13

60-90%

Front 14

How thick is the gram-positive cell wall?

Back 14

20-80 nm

Front 15

How thick is the gram-negative cell wall?

Back 15

2-3 nm

Front 16

What percent of the cell wall of a gram-negative bacteria is peptidoglycan?

Back 16

10-20%