Microbiology Test 2 Lipids

Front 1

Name that lipid!

It insulates mammals, helping them retain body heat.

Back 1

Triglyceride

Front 2

Phospholipids are

Back 2

Amphipathic

Front 3

What is amphipathic?

Back 3

A molecule that is both polar (water-soluble) and nonpolar (not water-soluble).

Front 4

Name that lipid!

This kind of lipid helps to protect our hearing by trapping dust and other particles.

Back 4

Wax

Front 5

Name that lipid!

This is the major constituent of plasma membranes.

Back 5

Phospholipid

Front 6

Name that lipid!

This covers the leaves of some plants to limit water loss.

Back 6

Wax

Front 7

Name that lipid!

This is a primary long term energy storage molecule in mammal bodies.

Back 7

Triglyceride

Front 8

Carbohydrates and lipids contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. If you are given a molecular formula, how could you tell them apart?

Back 8

Lipids have roughly twice as many hydrogen as carbon, but relatively little oxygen.

Front 9

What makes a molecule hydrophobic?

Back 9

When it has much less O atoms comparing to C and H atoms

Front 10

What properties do all lipids have?

Back 10

They are hydrophobic, since they contain very few O atoms compared to C and H atoms.

Front 11

Which of the following are functions for lipids?

Back 11

Insulation

Water proofing

Hormones

Help body absorb hydrophobic nutrients

Energy storage

Front 12

What kind of fatty acid has one or more carbon-carbon double bond?

Back 12

Unsaturated

Front 13

How are these arranged? What kind of fat is this?

H

|

C-C=C-C

|

c

Back 13

This is a trans fat

Front 14

This kind of fatty acid has no carbon-carbon double bonds between carbons:

Back 14

Saturated fat

Front 15

All fatty acids contain what functional group?

Back 15

Carboxyl

Front 16

What is this?

Back 16

Wax

Front 17

When you look at a molecular formula, how do we know if it's a lipid?

Back 17

All lipids will have lots of C and H but they will have very few O. This means they are hydrophobic

Front 18

What are the functions of lipds?

Back 18

1. High density energy storage

2. Absorbs fat soluble nutrients.

Front 19

What type of vitamins do lipids absorb? What do these vitamins have in common?

Back 19

Vitamins A, D, & E they are all hydrophobic

Front 20

What other functions do lipids have other than energy storage and absorption?

Back 20

1. Cushion for certain organs like eyes and kidneys

2. Insulation for animals that live in cold environments.

3. Building blocks of biological membranes

4. Some hormnes

Front 21

What type of hormones are made out of lipids?

Back 21

Testostorone, Cholesterol, and Estrogen

Front 22

What is the purpose of cholesterol?

Back 22

Gives support to animal cell membrane, acts as a molecule for synthesis of other steroids

Front 23

What is aldosterone

Back 23

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands and regulates salt balance

Front 24

What are fats and oils made out of?

Back 24

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Front 25

What is glycerol?

Back 25

3-carbon molecule that has 3 hydroxyl groups

Front 26

Why is fatty acid hydrophobic and acidic?

Back 26

The carboxyl group makes the molecule acidic, and the carbon/hydrogen group makes it non-polar therefore hydrophobic

Front 27

What are triglycerides made out of?

Back 27

Fatty acids and glycerol

Front 28

Unsaturated fats have double/single bonds and saturated fats have double/single bonds

Back 28

Unsaturated = double bond

Saturated = single bond

Front 29

Unsaturated fat is solid/liquid and saturated fat is solid/liquid

Back 29

Unsaturated = liquid

Saturated = solid

Front 30

What is the difference between a straight chain and a curvy chain of molecules?

Back 30

Straight chains stack well, have high density. and are solid.

Curvy chains don't stack well have low density, and are liquid.

Front 31

What is hydrogenation?

Back 31

The process of turning a liquid fat into a solid fat. Also the process of turning an unsaturated fat to a saturated fat.

Front 32

When looking at the shape of a fatty molecule chain, how can you tell which is a trans fat?

Back 32

The straight chains are usually trans fat while the curvy are not.

Front 33

Solid fat comes from veggie oil/animal fat and liquid fat comes from veggie oil/animal fat.

Back 33

Solid fat is animal fat and is saturated. Liquid oil comes from veggie oil and is unsaturated.

Front 34

How do we use the hydrogenation process on an industrial scale?

Back 34

We use the hydrogenation process to make margarine.