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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What disease states does Entamoeba histolytica cause?
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1. Amebiasis 2. Bloody diarrhea (dysentery) 3. liver abscess 4. RUQ pain
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What disease states does Giardia lamblia cause?
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1. Giardiasis 2. Bloating 3. Flatulence 4. Foul-smelling diarrhea
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What diseases are found in campers and hikers?
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Yersinia pestis and Giardia lamblia
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What disease states does Cryptosporidium cause?
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Diarrhea 1. AIDS: Severe 2. Non-HIV: Mild watery
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What disease states does Toxoplasma cause?
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1. HIV: Brain abscess 2. Birth defects (ring-enhancing brain lesions)
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What disease and symptoms do Plasmodium cause?
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Malaria: 1. Cyclic fever 2. Headache 3. Anemia 4. Splenomegaly 5. Severe cerebral malaria (with Plasmodium falciparum)
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What disease states does Trichomonas cause?
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Trichomonas vaginalis causes vaginitis with foul-smelling greenish discharge, strawberry-colored mucosa, and itching and burning. Motile on wet prep.
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What disease states does Trypanosoma cruzi cause?
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Chagas' disease: 1. Dilated cardiomyopathy 2. Megacolon 3. Megaesophagus
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What disease states does Trypanosoma gambiense cause?
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African sleeping sickness
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What disease states does Trypanosoma rhodesiense cause?
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African sleeping sickness
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What disease states does Leishmania donovani cause?
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Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar or black fever): fever, weight loss, anaemia and substantial swelling of the liver and spleen
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What disease states does Naegleria cause?
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Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis
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What disease states does Babesia cause?
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Babesiosis: Fever and anemia
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Which protozoa are transmitted by cysts?
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1. Entamoeba histolytica 2. Giardia lamblia 3. Cryptosporidium 4. Toxoplasma - All water cysts except Toxo (cysts in meat or cat feces)
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Which protozoa are transmitted by insect?
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1. Plasmodium (Anophales mosquitoes) 2. Trypanosoma cruzi (Reduviid bug) 3. Other trypanosomas (Tsetse fly) 4. Leishmania (Sandfly) 5. Babesia (Ixodes tick)
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Which protozoa are transmitted by swimming in freshwater lakes?
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Naeglaria (via cribriform plate)
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Which protozoa are transmitted sexually?
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Trichomonas vaginalis
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Which protozoa are transmitted by mosquito?
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Plasmodium
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Which protozoa are transmitted by reduviid bug?
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Trypanosoma cruzi (the enses are transmitted by the tsetses, cruzii by reduviid))
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Which protozoa are transmitted by tsetse fly?
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Trypanosoma gambiense and rhodesiense (the enses are transmitted by the tsetses, cruzii by reduviid))
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Which protozoa are transmitted by sandfly?
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Leishmania
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Which protozoa are transmitted by ixodes tick?
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Babesia
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How do you diagnose: Giardia lamblia
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Trophozoites or cysts in stool (classic pair shaped organism with double nuclei like owl eyes)
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How do you diagnose: Entamoeba histolytica
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1. Trophozoites or cysts in stool AND/OR 2. Serology
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How do you diagnose: Cryptosporidium
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Cysts on acid-fast stain
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How do you diagnose: Toxoplasma
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Serology, biopsy
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How do you diagnose: Plasmodium
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Blood smear
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How do you diagnose: Trypanosoma
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Blood smear
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How do you diagnose: Babesia
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Blood smear, no RBC pigment, appears as "maltese cross"
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How do you diagnose: Leishmania
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Macrophages containing amastigotes
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How do you diagnose: Naegleria
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Amebas in spinal fluid
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Treatment for: Entameba histolytica
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Metronidazole and iodoquinol
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Treatment for: Giardia lamblia
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Metronidazole
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Treatment for: Trichomonas vaginalis
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Metronidazole
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Treatment for: Cryptosporidium
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None
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Treatment for: Naegleria
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None
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Treatment for: Plasmodium
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1. Choloroquine
2. additonal Primaquine (for P. vivax and P. ovale to prevent relapse or liver damage) 3. sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine 4. Mefloquine 5. Quinine |
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Treatment for: Trypanosoma cruzi
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Nifurtimox
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Treatment for: Trypanosoma gambiense and rhodesiense
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If blood-borne, suramin. If CNS penetration, melarsoprol.
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Treatment for: Leishmania
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Sodium stibogluconate
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Treatment for: Babesia
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Qunine, clindamycin
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Treatment for: Toxoplasma
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Sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine
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Type of bug: Entamoeba histolytica
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Protozoan
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Type of bug: Giardia lamblia
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Protozoan
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Type of bug: Naegleria
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Protozoan
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Type of bug: Plasmodium
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Protozoan
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Type of bug: Cryptosporidium
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Protozoan
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Type of bug: Toxoplasma
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Protozoan
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Type of bug: Trichomonas
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Protozoan
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Type of bug: Trypanosoma
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Protozoan
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Type of bug: Leishmania
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Protozoan
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Type of bug: Babesia
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Protozoan
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