Microbiology & Parasitology By Apollon Et. Al.

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Used in serotyping by swelling

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Capsule

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To demonstrate capsules, grow culture on media containing

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Milk and serum

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Quellung test depends on the antigenic specificity of the

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Capsule

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Dark staining granules

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Metachromatic

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Organisms that vary in shape and size

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Pleomorphic

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Growth ceases because nutrients are exhausted or toxic metabolic products have accumulated

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Stationary phase

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Bacteria that grow in the absence of atmospheric oxygen; obtain oxygen from oxygen-containing compounds

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Anaerobes

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Temperature at which bacteria grow best

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Optimum

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Slimy colony on blood agar medium

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Organism has capsule

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Zone of alpha-hemolysis surrounded by zone of beta-hemolysis after refrigeration

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Alpha-prime

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Fractional sterilization sequence

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Heat - incubate - heat

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Most effective method of sterilization

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Autoclave

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QC for dry heat oven

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Bacillus subtilis

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Filter that can give 100% sterility

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Millipore (0.22um)

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Media that cannot be heated can be sterilized by

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Filtration

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Iodophore composition

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Iodine & detergent

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Easily inactivates quarternary ammonium disinfectants

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Organic material

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Process or treatment that renders medical devices, instrument, or environmental surface safe to handle

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Decontamination

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Gram positive bacteria stain

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Purple

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Mordant used in Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast stain

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Heat

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Fixative of smear for acid-fast stain

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Slide warmer at 65 degrees celcius for 2 hours

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Acid fast bacteria appear what color

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Red

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Best stain for acid-fast organisms in tissue

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Kinyoun

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Decolorizer for Ziehl-Neelsen staining method

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Alcohol + Hydrochloric acid (Acid alcohol)

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India ink is an example of

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Negative stain

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Peptococcus: gram positive or gram negative?

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Gram positive

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Campylobacter: aerobe or anaerobe?

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Aerobe

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Can neutralize antimicrobials

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Thiol broth

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Used to remove antimicrobials before culturing

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Antimicrobial removal device

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Anticoagulant in blood cultures that prevents phagocytosis and neutralizes bactericidal effect of human serum.

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Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate (SPS)

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Most common pathogen in throat cultures

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Group A Streptococcus

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Recommended specimen for H influenzae, Neisseria & B pertussis

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Nasopharyngeal swab

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Recommended for culture of beta-hemolytic streptococci for fluorescence microscopy

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Todd-Hewitt broth

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Phenylethyl Alcohol is used to

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Inhibit gram negative bacteria

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Urine specimen preferred for urine cultures

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First morning urine

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Indicates vaginal or urethral contamination

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Many squamous epithelial cells

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Smears of cerebrospinal fluid are stained with

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Gram stain and India ink stain

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Sensitive and fast test for cultures isolated from cerebrospinal fluid

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Latex agglutination tests

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Staphylococcal protein A coated with antiserum is used in

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Coagglutination test

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Sheep blood for blood agar plates eliminates

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Beta-hemolytic Haemophilus

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Positive coagulase test

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Clotting of plasma

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Plasma used for tube coagulase test

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Rabbit plasma

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Nonhemolytic, catalase positive, coagulase negative, gram positive cocci

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Staphylococcus epidermidis

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Test to differentiate S aureus from S epidermidis

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Coagulase test

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Staphylococci which causes urinary tract infection in young females

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S saprophyticus

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Medium for isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from stool

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Mannitol Salt Agar (7.5% salt concentration)

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Most common cause of bacterial food poisoning

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S aureus

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Gram positive cocci that ferment glucose

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Staphylococci

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Oxygen stable, non-antigenic hemolysin

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Streptolysin S

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Hemolysin destroyed by oxygen

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Streptolysin O

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Bacitracin susceptible

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S pyogenes (Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci)

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Optochin disk susceptible

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S pneumoniae

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Optochin disk resistant

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S viridans (alpha-hemolytic streptococci)

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Hippurate hydrolysis positive, CAMP test positive

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S agalactiae

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Bile-esculin positive

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Enterococcus

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Positive reaction to CAMP test

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Arrowhead hemolysis

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Capsular swelling due to antigen-antibody reaction is positive for

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Quellung reaction

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Confirmatory tests for streptococci

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Phadebac test

Fluorescent antibody test

Lancefield precipitin test

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Units of Bacitracin disks for differentiation of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci

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0.02-0.04 units

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Causes Scarlet fever

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B pyogenes

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Major pathogen of the newborn

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S agalactiae

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Causes "strep throat"

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S pyogenes

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Subacute bacterial endocarditis

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S viridans

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Positive result for both Optochin and Bacitracin

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Growth inhibition

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Used to differentiate Group D streptococci from other streptococci

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Bile-esculin test

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Used to differentiate Group A from Group B streptococci

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Hippurate hydrolysis test

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Bacitracin resistant, hippurate hydrolysis positive, Bile-esculin positive, beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, grows in 6.5% NaCl

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Enterococcus

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Gram negative, coffee bean shaed diplococci with adjacent flattened sides

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Neisseria

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Diagnosis of gonorrhoeae in males

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Positive urethral smear

Symptoms

History

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Appropriate specimens for culturing Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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Eyes

Rectum

Oral cavity