Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the ability of an infection to cause disease
|
pathogenicity
|
|
when an organism enters a host and multiplies
|
infection
|
|
when an infection impairs some host cell functions
|
disease
|
|
organisms of your normal flora which cause disease when your resistance factors are compromised by other diseases
|
opportunistic pathogens
|
|
organisms that cause desease even in healthy individuals
|
primary pathogens
|
|
microbes kept in lab cultures which through continuously culturing them outside the normal host,have decreased or no ability to cause disease
|
attenuated pathogens
|
|
the degree of a pathogens ability to cause disease is called
|
virulence
|
|
hyaluronidase
|
hydrolyzes "tissue cement"
|
|
coagulase
|
deposits a fibrin wall around microbes to protect them until infectious dose is reached
|
|
hemolysins
|
lyse red blood cells
|
|
keratinase
|
digests skin hair and nails
|
|
the presence of toxins in the blood
|
toxemia
|
|
the ingestion of toxins
|
intoxication
|
|
exotoxins
|
-secreted by microbes
-both gram + and gram- -can travel to target organs -neurotoxins botulinum,tetani |
|
endotoxins
|
-usually gram- bacteria
-when LPS layer disintegrates -heat stable no toxoids -rarely fatal fever,shock |
|
first line of defense
|
skin and mucous membranes
|
|
second line of defense
|
phagocytic wbc's
|
|
third line of defense
|
B and T lymphocytes
|
|
pathogenic microbes and infectious diseases recognized since 1970
|
rotavirus,ebola virus, legionnaires disease,e-coli,lyme disease,hiv,hep c,sars
|
|
Areas of the body that are sterile
|
heart,circulatory system
liver,kidneys,bladder,lungs,brain,spinal cord,csf,muscles,bones,sinuses,glands,internal eye,middle inner ear |
|
Primary cause of acne in adolescents and young adults
|
propionibacterium
|
|
rubella
|
German measles
|
|
variola
|
smallpox
|
|
tineas
|
ringworm
|
|
rubeola
|
red measles
|
|
s.mutans and lactobacillus cause this
|
dental caries
|
|
causes swelling of the parotid salivary glands
|
mumps
|
|
what do tears contain that flush bacteria from ocular surfaces
|
lysozymes
|
|
bordatella pertussis
|
whooping cough
|
|
What is the number one infectious killer in the usa
|
tuberculosis
|
|
streptococcus pyogenes
|
pharyngitis
|
|
corynebacterium diphitheriae
|
diptheria
|
|
streptococcus pneumoniae
staphylococcus aureus klebsiella pneumoniae |
classic pneumonia
|
|
legionella pneumophila
|
legionnaires disease
|
|
chlamydia psittaci, pneumonia like disease transmitted from birds to humans
|
ornithosis
|
|
influenza
new strains cause epidemics |
flu
|
|
rhinoviruses
coronaviruses |
common cold
|
|
haemophilus influenzae
|
otitis media
|
|
helicobacter pylori
|
gastritis,peptic ulcers
|
|
clostridium difficile
|
opportunistic infection seen after ab therapy
|
|
proteus mirabilis
|
urinary tract infections
|
|
streptococcus pyogenes hint (Ignaz Semmelweiss)
|
peurperal fever
|
|
leptospira interrogans
|
leptospirosis
|
|
stapyylococcus aureus from surgical packing or tampons
|
toxic shock syndrome
|
|
trichomonas vaginalis
|
trichomoniasis
|
|
neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
gonorrhea
|
|
treponema pallidum
|
syphillus
|
|
primary stage of syphillus
|
painless chancre
|
|
secondary stage of syphillus
|
body rash
|
|
tertiary stage
|
50% cause gummas
|
|
chlamydia trachomatis
|
non-gonococcal urethritis
|
|
hsv-1
|
causes fever blisters
|
|
hsv-2
|
causes genital herpes
|
|
herpes gladiatorum
|
can occur on the skin of an athlete when they come in close contact (wrestlers)
|
|
human papilloma viruses
|
genital warts
|
|
cytomegalovirus
|
human herpes virus 5 can cause blindness in hiv+
|
|
a retrovirus that contains a pair of single stranded rna molecules and reverse transcriptase
|
human immunodeficiency syndrome
|
|
Modes of transmission for HIV
|
sexual intercourse,blood contaminated needles,breast milk,organ transplants,artificial insemination,blood transfusion & products,placental transfer, medical accidnents
|
|
What are the storch organisms (group of infectious organisms that pregnant mothers should be aware of)
|
syphilis
toxoplasmosis other rubella chlamydia herpes |
|
Which white blood cels are granulocytes
|
neutrophils
eosiinophils basophils |
|
which white blood cells are agranulocytes
|
monocytes and lymphocytes
|
|
Neutrophils
|
-highly phagocytic
-accumulate in early stages of infection -most common circulating wbc |
|
Eosinophils
|
-weakly phagocytic
-common increase seen in parasitic infection -commonly seen in allergic responses |
|
Basophils
|
-acts in immediate types of allergies to release histamines
-not phagocytic |
|
monocytes
|
-highly phagocytic
-called macrophages once they enter the body tissues and leave blood vessels -usually rise in # in later infection -antigen presenting cells to 3rd line of defense |
|
lymphocytes
|
-part of 3rd line
-consists of B and T lymphocytes |
|
rubor
|
redness
|
|
calor
|
heat
|
|
dolor
|
pain
|
|
proteins produced by an infected cell that are released into the neighboring cells to warn them of viral attack
|
Interferon the "Paul Reveres" The virus is coming the virus is coming
|
|
an odd group of lymphocytes that are non-specific and non-phagocytic which roam the body surveying for cancer cells or cells invaded by viruses;their function is enhanced by interferon
|
Natural killer cells
|
|
bacillus anthracis
|
anthrax
-biological warfare agent |
|
epstein barr virus
|
infectious mononucleosis
|
|
toxoplasma gondii
|
toxoplasmosis
-inhaled cysts in cat feces -undercooked pork and beef |
|
lyssavirus
|
rabies
-most comonly from raccoons in the south but bats,foxes,skunks and cats also |
|
haemophilus influenzae
neisseria meningitidis streptococcus pneumoniae all cause what nervous system disease |
bacterial meningitis
|
|
lyssavirus cause what nervous system disease
|
rabies
|
|
mycobacterium leprae causes what nervous system disease
|
hansens disease (leprosy)
|
|
clostridium tetani cause what nervous system disease and results in what
|
tetanus (lockjaw)
-results in contraction of muscles |
|
clostridium botulinum
|
botulism
-floppy baby syndrome (no honey) |
|
what is the first antibody produced after an antigen is detected
|
IgM
|
|
antibody that can pass through the placenta and is the primary humoral defense used to neutralize toxins and virused allowing better phagocytosis of viruses and bacteria
|
IgG
|
|
primary immunoglobulin of mucus- also found in colostrum
|
IgA
|
|
the hypersensitivity immunoglobulin
can lead to anaphylactic shock and death |
IgE
|
|
this antibody function is not well known
|
IgD
|
|
the clumping of antigens together which results in fewer macrophages needed to phagocytize
|
agglutination
|
|
antibodies coating antigens to attract macrophages and enhance phagocytosis
|
opsonization
|
|
by coating the surfaces of bacteria, the antigens are blocked from adhering to cell surfaces
|
neutralization
|
|
antibodies attached to bacterial antigens attract compliment proteins which cause a hole in the cell wall of the bacterium leading to lyse
|
complement fixation
|
|
What are vaccines
|
dead or weakened bacteria and viruses or weakened toxins used to produce an antibody response (titer)
|
|
DTaP
|
diptheria, tetanus, and pertussis
|
|
IPV,OP
|
inactive polio virus or oral polio virus
|
|
MMR
|
mumps measles and rubella
|
|
HepB
|
hepatitis B 1st dose now given before hospital discharge
|
|
HepA
|
hepatitis A
|
|
Hib
|
haemophilus influenza b
|
|
PCv
|
pneumococcal vaccine
|
|
influenza
|
flu-shot
|
|
Passive immunity
|
only temporary
-antibodies from mother -artificially with antiserum or antitoxin made by other animals |
|
What are the 2 groups of helper cells?
|
Th=helper T cells
Td=delayed hypersensitivity T cells |
|
What are CD8 cells
|
Tc= cytotoxic T cells
-antiviral and anticancer cells |
|
Whate do suppressor T cells do
|
suppress the actions of other cells
|